scholarly journals The effect of opening window position on aerosol transmission in an enclosed bus under windless environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 123301
Author(s):  
Feng Yao ◽  
Xiangdong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Window Position

Investigation of the natural ventilation of wind catchers with different geometries in arid region houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7109-7124
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Sakhri ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
Houari Ameur ◽  
Ali J. Chamkha ◽  
Noureddine Kaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Technique ◽  
Window Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Flow Velocities

The wind catcher or wind tower is a natural ventilation technique that has been employed in the Middle East region and still until nowadays. The present paper aims to study the effect of the one-sided position of a wind catcher device against the ventilated space or building geometry and its natural ventilation performance. Four models based on the traditional design of a one-sided wind catcher are studied and compared. The study is achieved under the climatic conditions of the South-west of Algeria (arid region). The obtained results showed that the front and Takhtabush’s models were able to create the maximum pressure difference (ΔP) between the windward and leeward of the tower-house system. Internal airflow velocities increased with the increase of wind speed in all studied models. For example, at Vwind = 2 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 1.7, 1.8, 1.3, and 2.5 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. However, at Vwind = 6 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 5.6, 5.5, 2.5, and 7 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The higher internal airflow velocities are given by Takhtabush, traditional, front and middle tower models, respectively, with a reduction rate between the tower outlet and occupied space by 72, 42, 36, and 33% for the middle tower, Takhtabush, traditional tower, and the front model tower, respectively. This reduction is due to the due to internal flow resistance. The third part of the study investigates the effect of window (exist opening) position on the opposite wall. The upper, middle and lower window positions are studied and compared. The air stagnation or recirculation zone inside the ventilated space reduced from 55% with the lower window to 46% for the middle window and reached 35% for the upper window position. The Front and Takhtabush models for the one-sided wind catcher with an upper window position are highly recommended for the wind-driven natural ventilation in residential houses that are located in arid regions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Noise Level Inside a Vehicle under Different Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Flor ◽  
Danilo Pena ◽  
Luan Pena ◽  
Vicente A. de Sousa ◽  
Allan Martins
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Window Position

Vehicular acoustic noise evaluations are a concern of researchers due to health and comfort effects on humans and are fundamental for anyone interested in mitigating audio noise. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the noise level inside a vehicle by using statistical tools. First, an experimental setup was developed with microphones and a microcomputer located strategically on the car’s panel, and measurements were carried out with different conditions such as car window position, rain, traffic, and car speed. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity of the noise level from those conditions. Thus, we were able to discuss the relevance of the variables that contribute to the noise level inside a car. Finally, our results revealed that the car speed is strongly correlated to interior noise levels, suggesting the most relevant noise sources are in the vehicle itself.

Small and Full-Scale Modeling for the Application of Wall Solar Chimneys

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Park ◽  
Francine Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Window Position ◽  
Pi Theorem

A solar chimney is a natural ventilation technique that has a potential to save energy consumption as well as to maintain the air quality in the building. However, studies of buildings are often challenging due to their large sizes. The objective of the current study was to determine relationships between small- and full-scale solar chimney system models. In the current work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was utilized to model different building sizes with a solar chimney system, where the computational model was validated with the experimental study of Mathur et al. The window, which controls entrainment of ambient air, was also studied to determine the effects of window position. Correlations for average velocity ratio and non-dimensional temperature were consistent regardless of window position. Buckingham pi theorem was employed to further non-dimensionalize the important variables. Regression analysis was conducted to develop a mathematical model to predict a relationship among all of the variables, where the model agreed well with simulation results with an error of 2.33%. The study demonstrated that the flow and thermal conditions in larger buildings can be predicted from the small-scale model.

Optimal Localisation of Window in External Wall of Different Material and Construction Design Considering Linear Loss Coefficient

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Rastislav Menďan ◽  
Boris Vavrovič
Keyword(s):  
Loss Coefficient ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Window Position ◽  
Linear Loss ◽  
Optimal Window

The goal of the article is contribution to the topics analysing the optimal window position in external wall in order to get minimal value of linear loss coefficient.

Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Neveen Y. Azmy ◽  
Rania E. Ashmawy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Window Position

Windows play a significant role as they largely influence the energy load. Although there are many studies on the energy-efficient windows design, there is still a lack in information about the mutual impact of windows’ size, position and orientation on the energy loads. In this paper, the effect of different window positions and orientations on the energy consumption in a typical room in an administrative building that is located in the hot climatic conditions of Cairo city, Egypt is considered. This case study has been modeled and analyzed to achieve good environmental performance for architectural space, as well as assessing its impact on the amount of natural lighting required by using the Energy Plus program. The study concludes that the WWR (Window Wall Ratio) 20% square north-oriented upper  opening consumes 25% lower energy than the rectangular 3:1 opening in the lower west-oriented façade. The upper openings are the highest in terms of light intensity, as they cover about 50% of the room area. The WWR 30% rectangular north-oriented upper 3:1 opening consumes 29% lower energy than the rectangular lower 3:1opening in the façade. Regarding light intensity, the upper openings are the best for natural lighting as the light covers more than 60% of the room area.                                                                                                                                                               

scholarly journals Effect of low-Raman window position on correlated photon-pair generation in a chalcogenide Ge11.5As24Se64.5nanowire

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 123101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. He ◽  
C. Xiong ◽  
A. S. Clark ◽  
M. J. Collins ◽  
X. Gai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Pair ◽  
Window Position ◽  
Pair Generation

scholarly journals Effects of Lateral Window Position and Wind Direction on Wind-Driven Natural Cross Ventilation of a Building: A Computational Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. I. Bangalee ◽  
J. J. Miau ◽  
S. Y. Lin ◽  
M. Ferdows
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Window Position ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Moderate Range

Energy is saved when an effective natural ventilation system can provide comfort air to the occupants in a building by replacing a mechanical ventilation system. It also minimizes the risk of the environmental pollution and the global warming. A one story, full scale building was considered to carry out a comparative study of three different cases of wind-driven natural (WDN) cross ventilation with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In each case, the location of window was changed in lateral direction to predict the probable position for optimum ventilation performance and the angle of wind was varied to check the sensitivity of the wind direction on the flow field. After validating the current methodology through two satisfactory comparisons with the experimental investigations, the governing equations subjected to the corresponding boundary conditions were solved using commercial software and then the results were analyzed. A better location for the windows in each case was proposed. The ventilation purpose was served quite well even if the wind angle was changed in a moderate range from the original design. Furthermore, the velocity components, ventilation rate, surface pressure, ventilation time, and so forth in each case were investigated and compared extensively with those in other cases.

scholarly journals Optimization of Daylight Factor Distribution Using Standard Deviations Based on Shifting Window Position

Kursor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yose Rizal ◽  
Imam Robandi ◽  
Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Window Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Natural lighting is an important factor that affects the comfort of building users. Natural lighting in a room requires a window area of ​​at least 1/6 of the floor area. This study was conducted to obtain the distribution of Daylight Factor (DF) as a natural lighting factor during the day in the room, based on the shift in the position of the window on the wall. The distribution of lighting entering the depth of the room through window openings is a tool to compare the best window position in the spread of illumination with DF calculations based on Sky Component (SC). Shifting the window position will be analyzed by Standard Deviation (S) and Mean (μ) based on the DF distribution. Optimizations of the DF distribution on the window position shifts if it has the largest DF mean value and the smallest DF variant value. The results of the study in a simple room showed that the optimal DF distribution was at the window position in the middle and the mean value was 2.59%. The relationship of shifting window position and DF distribution can be useful for architects to determine the function of a room in architectural design.

scholarly journals Optimum window position in the building façade for high day-light performance: Empirical study in hot and dry climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Messaouda Rais ◽  
Sara Elhadad ◽  
Adel Boumerzoug ◽  
Bálint Baranyai
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
External Application ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Window Position ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Window Design

Abstract:Day-lighting studies in buildings play a major role in indoor environmental investigation and can be conducted at the early stages of building design. Window position significantly affects day-lighting performance. This paper assessed the impacts of the window position on the visual comfort through two main factors; daylight factor and light uniformity in the hot and dry climate zone. In this study different window positions have been examined to achieve optimal visual comfort, using a dynamic simulation through Vi-suit plugin for Blender 3D software that controls the external application Radiance software. The results revealed that the window position at sill start from 1.4 m of a room characterized by (4.30 m × 3.00 m × 3.00 m) is the best compromising solution that complies with the daylight factor and light uniformity standards in the indoor environment. The findings of this study provide a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the window design for architects/designers in the early building design stages in the hot and dry climate region.

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