Switchable valley polarization and quantum anomalous Hall state in the VN2X2Y2 nanosheets (X = group-III and Y = group-VI elements)

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (19) ◽  
pp. 193101
Author(s):  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Yi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Group Vi ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Valley Polarization

scholarly journals Characteristics of 137 macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit accessions from Goias, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Jefferson Fernando Naves Pinto ◽  
Hildeu Ferreira da Assunção ◽  
Antonio Paulino da Costa Netto ◽  
Danielle Fabiola Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Palm Fruits

Accessions of macaw palm fruits from the State of Goias, Brazil were characterized aiming the identification of groups with similar characteristics and indicate groups with higher agronomic potential, using multivariate tools. Fruit were harvested with completed yellow fruit bunches without whitish scores. The evaluated variables were fruit and almond length, fruit and almond diameters, fruit and dehydrated almond weight, average number of almonds, oil percentage of almond and dried fruit. The genetic diversity of populations was evaluated by Ward’s clustering method and Person´s correlation was obtained to evaluate the relative importance of each characteristic and variance analysis associated with Tukey´s test to verify the group’s effects. The studied population demonstrated great variability. The characteristics that most contributed to the variability were fruit weight and diameter and the almond´s oil percentage. Ward´s group analysis revealed six groups of similarity, being significant for all evaluated characteristics. Group VI stood out for all evaluated characteristics and group III presented the best averages for the almond´s weight and almonds and dried fruit oil percentage.

scholarly journals Effect of a Diet Composed of Genetically Modified Feed Components on the Selected Immune Parameters in Pigs, Cattle, and Poultry

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxin Protein ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune effects of genetically modified (GM), insect resistant corn (MON810) expressing toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal (Roundup Ready MON-40-30-2), which are used as the feed mixture components in domestic animals. The study was conducted on 60 pigs (36 fatteners and 24 sows), 20 calves, 40 broilers, and 40 laying hens. Each species was divided into four basic nutritional groups: group I (control) - conventional feed, group II - feed consisted of GM soybean meal and non-modified corn, group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM corn, group IV - GM soybean meal and GM corn. Moreover, in the experiment on fatteners two additional groups were formed: group V - animals fed both conventional soybean meal and bruised grain, and group VI - GM soybean meal and conventional bruised grain. The results of study did not reveal any significant effect of feed mixtures containing GM components on the immune response in all animals regardless of their species and technological producing groups.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

Role Of The Fibrinolytic System In Renal Transplantation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Glas-Greenwalt ◽  
M H Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

To determine the importance of the fibrinolytic system in renal transplantation on the one hand, and to establish a correlation between possible endothelial damage due to treatment of the renal graft and fibrinolytic parameters on the other, dogs were divided in six groups. Group I dogs were subjected to anesthesia only. Group II was sham operated. In group III, kidneys were perfused with the supernatant of either autologous or homologous cryo-precipitated plasma, and in group IV with albumin. In group V kidneys were cold stored. This was followed by autotransplantation. In group VI kidneys were perfused with albumin and allografted. Before and after transplantation, total plasma plasminogen (pro) activator activities in systemic and renal circulations were measured on fibrin plates after the addition of dextran sulfate and flufenamate to euglobulin fractions. Vascular activator (VA) was measured by adding Cl-inactivator. There was no marked difference between groups III, IV and VI. In comparing, however, group V with any of the perfused groups, an overall higher fibrinolytic activity was recorded both for intrinsic activators (p<.001) and VA (p<.001). in group I a significant drop in both activities (p<.01 -<.02) could be directly related to the duration of anesthesia with recovery within 24 hours. This pattern, though highly accentuated, revealed itself in all the other groups studied, with VA temporarily reaching zero-levels in the renal circulation in group VI. This data indicates the participation of the fibrinolytic system, in particular of the VA, in determining the fate of renal grafts.

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic Activity of Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) Ethanolic Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yoce Aprianto ◽  
Asri Mega Putri ◽  
Hilyatul Fadliyah ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Edy Meiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Group I

Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given for seven days, while CP was administered on the last two days. On the seventh day, the peripheral blood from all mice were collected, smeared, and then stained with Giemsa. The frequencies of MNPCEs and %PCEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to know the interaction between ursolic acid and CYP3A4 by using PLANTS software. There was similar hRF spot between HcEE with ursolic acid standard reference indicated that the extract almost positively contain ursolic acid. HcEE reduced MNPCEs significantly compared to CP group (p<0.05) and combination of CP with HcEE showed reduction of %PCEs (p<0.05). Based on molecular docking analysis, ursolic acid gave lower docking score than CP against CYP3A4 (PDB ID: 2V0M) and similar binding site on amino acid residues Ala 448, Ile 369, Thr 309, and Val 313. All of these data suggest that HcEE perform protective effect against CP-induced genotoxicity.Keywords: Antigenotoxic, Hedyotis corymbosa L., cyclophosphamide, micronucleus, molecular docking

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ПРОДУКТИВНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КОРОВ ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ С ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫМИ КАЧЕСТВАМИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
G.Yu. BEREZKINA ◽  
S.L. VOROBYEVA ◽  
E.M. KISLYAKOVA ◽  
A.A. KOREPANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Breeding Farms

Изучено влияние возраста и живой массы при первом осеменении на воспроизводительные качества коровпервотелок чернопестрой породы в племенных заводах Удмуртской Республики. Исследования проводились в период с 2015 по 2018 гг. Для проведения исследований были сформированы 6 групп животных в зависимости от возраста первого осеменения. В I группу вошли коровы с возрастом первого осеменения до 13 мес, во II от 13,1 до 15 мес, в III от 15,1 до 17, в IV от 17,1 до 19, в V от 19,1 до 21 и в VI группу от 21 мес и старше. При этом живая масса телок в I группе в среднем составила 349,5 кг, во II 370,9, в III 387,7, в IV 400,2, в V 420,7 и в VI группе 440,2 кг. Анализ возраста первого осеменения в племенных хозяйствах республики показал, что средний возраст плодотворного осеменения в 2018 году составил 17,0 мес. с живой массой 394 кг. По результатам экспериментальных исследований нами получено, что лучшие воспроизводительные показатели и молочная продуктивность выявлена у коровпервотелок, которых осеменяли в возрасте 14,6 мес. В данной группе продолжительность сервиспериода составила 127,3 дня, коэффициент воспроизводительной способности 0,90, выход телят на 100 коров составил более 85,3. Удой за 305 дней лактации, у коровпервотелок второй опытной группы составил 6332,3 кг с массовой долей жира 3,65 и белка 3,15 .The influence of age and live weight at the first insemination on reproductive qualities of cowsborn black and white breed in breeding farms of the Udmurt Republic was studied. The studies were conducted between 2015 and 2018. For the research 6 groups of animals were formed depending on the age of the first insemination. Group I included cows with the age of first insemination up to 13 months, in group II from 13.1 to 15 months, in III group from 15.1 to 17 months, in group IV from 17.1 to 19 months, in group V from 19.1 to 21 months and in VI group from 21 months and more. At the same time, the live weight of heifers in group I averaged 349.5 kg, in group II370.9 kg, in group III 387.7 kg, in group IV 400.2 kg, in group V 420.7 kg and in group VI 440.2 kg. The analysis of the age of the first insemination in breeding farms of the Republic showed that the average age of fruitful insemination in 2018 was 17.0 months with a live weight of 394 kg. According to the results of experimental studies, we obtained that the best reproductive performance and milk productivity was revealed in cows, which were inseminated at the age of 14.6 months. In this group, the duration of the service period was 127.3 days, the coefficient of reproductive capacity 0.90, yield of calves per 100 cows. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation, in cows of the second experimental group was 6332.3 kg with a mass fraction of fat 3.65 and protein 3.15.

scholarly journals Cloacal bursa morphology in turkey broilers challenged with aflatoxin B1 alone or co-administered with Mycotox NG

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
N. Grozeva ◽  
I. Valchev ◽  
L. L. Lazarov ◽  
Ts. Hristov ◽  
D. Kanakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Lymphoid Follicle ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of moulds from the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus being the main producers). The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on bursa of Fabricius morphology. Also, the possibility for prevention of toxic effects of AFB1 by feed supplementation of a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB) was studied. Experiments were carried out with sixty 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10). Groups were as followed: Group I – control (fed standard feed according to the species and age of birds); Group II – experimental, whose feed was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, Group III– experimental, whose feed contained 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group IV – experimental, whose feed contained 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group V – experimental, supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG and Group VI – experimental, supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG. The duration of the experiments was 42 days. The changes in bursal morphology in control and treated groups were followed out after the end of the study. In birds from experimental groups ІІI and IV, atrophy and degenerative changes have occurred in the bursa of Fabricius: reduction of lymphoid cell - populations in lymphoid follicles along with dystrophy. Feed supplementation with the tested toxin binder (Groups V and VI) resulted in partial neutralisation of deleterious effects of AFB1 on severity of histological lesions: interfollicular oedema, considerably lower lymphoid follicle rarefaction.

scholarly journals Salmonella-induced changes of the rat intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-874
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Bukina ◽  
N. N. Polishchuk ◽  
H. V. Bachurin ◽  
O. S. Cherkovska ◽  
O. L. Zinych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The gut microbiome profoundly affects the body functioning: it participates in host protection against pathogenic microorganisms, metabolic events, inhibition of inflammatory responses, formation of innate and adaptive immune response in the intestinal mucosa. One of the causes altering microbiota community is due to antibiotics. Therefore, the processes of antibiotics interaction together with Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium with representatives of normal intestinal microflora are of particular interest. Materials and methods. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the wall microbiota composition in rats was evaluated by bacteriological method, the statistical data analysis was performed using the software StatSoft Statistica v.12. Results and discussion. Inoculation of vancomycin and S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium in groups II, III, IV resulted in quantitatively decreased E. coli level by 10-, 7- and 110-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa decreased markedly only in the group III (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Bacteroides spp. members was profoundly decreased by several thousand times (group II) as well as 70- and 87-fold (groups III and IV), respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased by 861-, 6- and several thousand times (groups II, III, IV), respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. markedly decreased in group II by 27-fold and rapidly increased in group IV (p ≤ 0.05). Group III revealed a sharp decline in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. by 847- and 150-fold, whereas in group II they were increased by 7- and 46-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Staphylococcus spp. decreased by 10-fold only in group II. The level of Clostridium spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II) and by 5,500 times (group IV) (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by several thousand times (group II). The count of Bifidobacterium spp. members significantly decreased by 10.9-fold and by several thousand times (groups III, IV). The level of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius profoundly decreased in all three study groups (p ≤ 0.05). The level of Salmonella spp. increased in group II by 49 times, but markedly increased in groups III and IV (p ≤ 0.05). Inoculation of Salmonella after vancomycin pretreatment caused dramatic change in the microbiota composition in groups V and VI, namely: increased count of E. coli by 65- and 105-fold, markedly increased level of P. aeruginosa in group V and VI — by 3-fold. In addition, these groups also showed decreased level of Bacteroides spp. by 9- and 10-fold (p ≤ 0.05). The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium decreased dramatically only in group V (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Proteus spp. decreased by 17 times in group V as well as in group VI (p ≤ 0.05). A sharp increase in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members was observed in groups V and VI (p ≤ 0.05). However, representatives of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in groups V and VI decreased by 20 and 9 times, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The count of Salmonella spp. decreased only in group V by 7 times (p ≤ 0,05). Inoculating experimental animals with B. fragilis conditioned with S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium and pretreated with vancomycin resulted in markedly decreased level of E. coli in group VII and VIII by 538 times (p ≤ 0.05). The count of P. aeruginosa in groups VII and VIII decreased profoundly, whereas level of Bacteroides spp. members was reciprocally increased (p ≤ 0.05). The level of Lactobacillus spp. decreased by 10.3 times only in group VI. The count of E. faecalis and E. faecium increased by 10 and 19 times in groups VII and VIII, respectively, whereas level of Proteus spp. decreased only in group VII by 322 times (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, a sharp decrease in level of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. members (p ≤ 0.05) was found in groups VII and VIII. The count of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Lactobacillus spp. members was markedly increased by 7-, 12-, several thousand-fold and 40 times (groups VII and VIII, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). The count of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in groups VII and VIII decreased rapidly (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Inoculation of B. fragilis can be used in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases or disorders with impaired gut barrier function.

Mechanisms for N-Type Impurity-Induced Disordering of AlGaAs/GaAs Superlattices

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Olmsted ◽  
S. N. Houde-Walter ◽  
R. Enrique Viturro
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Deep Level Emission ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Native Defects ◽  
Vacancy Defects ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion

ABSTRACTWe report on a study of disordering by the in-diffusion of a variety of Group IV and Group VI n-type impurities. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, electrochemical C-V profiling, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy were used to determine the extent of interdiffusion, and the spatial distribution of impurities and native defects for impurity-induced disordering. In all cases, the n-type dopants enhance the Al-Ga interdiffusion coefficient over that due to an As overpressure of 2 atm alone. The Si-induced enhancement has been previously attributed to the change in Fermi level with doping and therefore should account for disordering using other n-type impurities. However, we observe important differences in the interdiffusion characteristics (diffusion rate, dopant profiles, energy and intensity of the deep-level emission) induced by Si or Ge, and that by S or Se. Whereas a strong correlation exists between the carrier concentration profile and the disordered regions in the Si-, Ge-, and Se-doped crystals, little direct correspondence is found for crystals doped with S. Instead, the disordering seems to be determined primarily by the presence of Group III vacancies, as is also the case in undoped crystals disordered by an As ambient alone. In addition, the deep level emission at 1.15 and 1.3 eV, which are associated with vacancy defects, correlates well with the extent of the Al-Ga interdiffusion.

Increased protein synthesis is necessary for the development of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. H874-H884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rizvi ◽  
Xian-Liang Tang ◽  
Yumin Qiu ◽  
Yu-Ting Xuan ◽  
Hitoshi Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Myocardial Stunning ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Late Preconditioning ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Group I ◽  
Delayed Toxicity

In phase I of this study, the rate of protein synthesis was measured by the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the protein pool in the heart of conscious rabbits. At 2 h after ischemic preconditioning (PC) with six 4-min occlusion/4-min reperfusion (O/R) cycles ( group II), the [3H]leucine content in the ischemic-reperfused region was increased by 82% compared with that in controls ( group I), indicating increased protein synthesis. This increase was completely abrogated by pretreatment with cycloheximide (CH; group III). In phase II, rabbits underwent six O/R cycles for three consecutive days ( days 1–3). Controls ( group IV) exhibited late PC against myocardial stunning on days 2 and 3. In group V, which received CH 30 min before the 1st O/R cycle on day 1 (same dose as group III), late PC against stunning on day 2 was completely abrogated. In group VI, pretreatment with CH 24 h before the 1st sequence of O/R cycles had no effect on myocardial stunning on day 1, indicating that the absence of late PC on day 2 in group V cannot be ascribed to delayed toxicity of CH. Taken together, these results demonstrate that, in the conscious rabbit, ischemic PC causes a rapid increase in myocardial protein synthesis and that this increased protein synthesis (or at least a fraction of it) is necessary for the development of the protection against myocardial stunning 24 h later. The late phase of ischemic PC is therefore dependent on the formation of new proteins in intact animals.

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