Environmental risk factors associated with distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Marshlands of Iraq

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Mahdi Jarallah ◽  
Haider Izaati Aabadi ◽  
Nada Naji Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

Environmental risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. KRUEGER ◽  
E. D. HILBORN ◽  
R. R. CONVERSE ◽  
T. J. WADE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
H Pylori

SUMMARYHelicobacter pylori imparts a considerable burden to public health. Infections are mainly acquired in childhood and can lead to chronic diseases, including gastric ulcers and cancer. The bacterium subsists in water, but the environment's role in transmission remains poorly understood. The nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined for environmental risk factors associated with H. pylori seroprevalence. Data from 1999–2000 were examined and weighted to represent the US population. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with seropositivity. Self-reported general health condition was inversely associated with seropositivity. Of participants aged <20 years, seropositivity was significantly associated with having a well as the source of home tap water (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·1–2·6) and living in a more crowded home (aOR 2·3, 95% CI 1·5–3·7). Of adults aged ⩾20 years, seropositivity was not associated with well water or crowded living conditions, but adults in soil-related occupations had significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to those in non-soil-related occupations (aOR 1·9, 95% CI 1·2–2·9). Exposures to both well water and occupationally related soil increased the effect size of adults' odds of seropositivity compared to non-exposed adults (aOR 2·7, 95% CI 1·3-5·6). Environmental exposures (well-water usage and occupational contact with soil) play a role in H. pylori transmission. A disproportionate burden of infection is associated with poor health and crowded living conditions, but risks vary by age and race/ethnicity. These findings could help inform interventions to reduce the burden of infections in the United States.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors Associated With Trajectories of Depression Symptoms From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. e196587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. F. Kwong ◽  
José A. López-López ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
David Manley ◽  
Nicholas J. Timpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated

Epidemiology and Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Vestibular Schwannoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Berkowitz ◽  
Aditya K. Iyer ◽  
Hideyuki Kano ◽  
Evelyn O. Talbott ◽  
L. Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

Lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with progression of diabetes in british columbia, canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
K. Atwood ◽  
K. Reimer ◽  
P. McCrea ◽  
B. Fisk ◽  
K. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Etiology and biodistribution of enterobacteria and parasites, and their associated environmental risk factors among children under 5 years old with diarrhea in East-Central Gabon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolande MABIKA MABIKA ◽  
Sandrine Lydie OYEGUE-LIABAGUI ◽  
Franck Mounioko ◽  
Serge Ely DIBAKOU ◽  
Arnaud MONGO DELIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
East Central ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Better knowledge of endogenous germs and their associated demographic and environmental risk factors in a locality are essential to treat childhood diarrheal diseases. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize bacterial and parasitic pathogens responsible for childhood diarrhea, and to identify environmental risk factors associated with diarrhea in children under 5 years old living in Koula-Moutou, East-Central Gabon. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from May 2016 to February 2018. One-hundred and thirty-two (132) children under 5 years old were enrolled. The detection of pathogens in stool samples was performed using microscopic examination and MIF concentration for parasites, and conventional culture on selective media for enterobacteria. Results The prevalence of diarrheal pathogens was 46.1%, including bacterial enteropathogens (25.5%) and parasites (20.6%). A total of 228 pathogenic organisms were isolated, including 199 bacterial strains (87.3%) and 29 parasites (12.7%). The specific richness of the isolated enterobacteria was 24 species with a high prevalence of E. coli (39.8%), including 26.7% for the diarrheal cases and 13.1% for the controls. Twelve (12) parasite species were also isolated and the most common types of parasites were rhizopods (44.8%), which accounted for 37.9% of the diarrheal cases and 6.9% of the controls. Univariate analysis showed that the presence of watercourses (OR = 3.37) and domestic animals (OR = 1.65) were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Conclusion The findings show a high prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens but a low rate of parasites and bacteria-parasite co-infection in the study area. Risk factors associated with diarrhea among children under 5 years old were the presence of watercourses and domestic animals. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the routine examination of diarrheic stool samples for the diagnosis of pathogenic organisms. Further analyses are required to better understand the etiologies and risk factors associated with the transmission of bacteria and parasites in rural, semi-urban and urban regions of Gabon.

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