Seasonal and annual variation of Tigris River’s water quality using physicochemical parameters within Baghdad city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Anmar Almoula ◽  
Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Athraa Hashim Mohammed ◽  
Rami R. Alani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Annual Variation

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
D. Ilangeswaran ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
D. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

scholarly journals Water Quality as an Indicator of Stream Restoration Effects—A Case Study of the Kwacza River Restoration Project

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Mrozińska ◽  
Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk ◽  
Paweł Burandt ◽  
Szymon Kobus ◽  
Wojciech Gotkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
River Restoration ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Natural Characteristics

River restoration projects rely on environmental engineering solutions to improve the health of riparian ecosystems and restore their natural characteristics. The Kwacza River, the left tributary of the Słupia River in northern Poland, and the recipient of nutrients from an agriculturally used catchment area, was restored in 2007. The ecological status of the river’s biotope was improved with the use of various hydraulic structures, including palisades, groynes and stone islands, by protecting the banks with trunks, exposing a fragment of the river channel, and building a by-pass near a defunct culvert. The effects of restoration treatments were evaluated by comparing the physicochemical parameters of river water along the 2.5 km restored section between the source and the mouth to the Słupia, before restoration and 6 years after hydrotechnical treatments. A total of 18 physicochemical parameters were analyzed at 10 cross-sections along the river. The greatest changes were observed in the concentrations of NO3−-N and NH4+-N, which decreased by 70% and 50%, respectively. Dissolved oxygen concentration increased by 65%. Chloride values increased by 44%, and chlorophyll-a concentration increased by 30% after the project. The cut-off channel (by-pass), semi-palisades, and single groynes were the treatments that contributed most to water quality improvement. The results of this study indicate that river restoration projects can substantially reduce nitrogen pollution, which is particularly important in agricultural areas. Such measures can effectively reinstate natural conditions in river ecosystems. Hydrochemical monitoring is required to control the parameters of restored rivers.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Haematological Indices of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River (Nigeria)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Comfort Opeoluwa Oluwoleand ◽  
Justin Ayaegbunem Akankali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Ogun River

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effect of water quality of the Ogun River on the haematological indices of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Samples of water and Clarias gariepinus were collected from Ogun River (Station I, Opeji and Station II, Lafenwa) to determine and compare effects of possible differences in water quality on haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrate that higher index values were recorded at station II than Station I for almost all the physicochemical parameters and only sulphate values from Stations I and II were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Study on physico-chemical features of water in Tarahara Fish Farm, Sunsari, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Ganesh Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Joydeb Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Tarahara Fish Farm includes 37 large ponds as a fish super zone. Physicochemical parameters viz., air and water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, CO2, Cl-, TA and TH of these ponds were studied for two years (Nov. 2008 to Oct. 2010). The air temperature had positive and significant correlation with water temperature (r=0.893, P<0.01) but inverse and significant correlation with DO (r = - 0.669 P<0.05) and TH (r = - 0.673, P<0.05). Both air and water temperature showed a decreasing trend during the winter months of November to January and again September to October in both years. Similarly, positive and significant correlation showed by pH with DO (r =0.660, P<0.05) and BOD (r =0.846, P<0.05); by free CO2 with DO (r=0.854, P<0.01), chloride (r=0.648, P<0.05) and TA (r=0.616, P<0.05); by DO with TA (r =0.715, P<0.01) and chloride (r =0.625, P<0.05) and by TH with TA (r= 0.592, P<0.05) but inverse and significant correlation showed by pH with water temperature (r =-0.671, P<0.05); by free CO2 with BOD (r=-0.627, P<0.05) and by DO with BOD (r = -0.810, P <0.01). The water quality parameters were within suitable range for the fish growth and breeding with small fluctuations in different months during the first and second years. Physico-chemical parameters significantly (P<0.01; 0.05) differed between different months. However, no mass mortality of fish was recorded from this site. So, the area selected as fish super zone is fruitful to meet the expected production level of fishes and fish seeds in peripheral areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Wastewater Discharge From Coffee Processing Plant on River Water Quality, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110610
Author(s):  
Wubalem Genanaw ◽  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno ◽  
Dawit Derese ◽  
Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Raw Wastewater

In Ethiopia, most of the coffee processing plants are generating large amounts of wastewater with high pollutant concentrations and discharge directly into the water bodies untreated or partially treated. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of coffee wastewater discharged to river water quality using physicochemical parameters and macro-invertebrate indices. This study was conducted from November to the end of December 2019. Ten wastewater and river water samples were taken from coffee the processing plant and river. The macro-invertebrate samples were collected by kick sampling technique using a standard hand net. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were examined at 3 sampling stations. The Pielou evenness index was also determined. It was found that except for TDS all the parameters of the raw wastewater and river water did not comply with the international discharge limit. The mean concentration of Faro coffee processing plant wastewater were BOD5 (2409.6 ± 173.1 mg/L), COD (4302 ± 437 mg/L), TSS (2824.6 ± 428.4 mg/L), TDS (3226 ± 623.6 mg/L), and TS (4183.3 ± 432.9 mg/L). Whereas from Bokaso coffee processing plant were BOD5 (3770 ± 604.4 mg/L), COD (4082.6 ± 921.9 mg/L), TSS (2766 ± 501.7 mg/L), TDS (3017 ± 747.6 mg/L), and TS (3874 ± 471.1 mg/L). A total of 392 macroinvertebrates belonging to 24 families and 7 orders were collected. The benthos assemblage communities in this river were 40, 56, and 296 at downstream 1, downstream 2, and upstream respectively. The value of the Simpson diversity index varies from 0.4 to 0.75. In the same manner, the value of the Shannon diversity index also varied from 0.5 to 1.36. Most of the physicochemical parameters of the raw wastewater were beyond the national and international discharge limits. The quality of Orsha river water downstream was more adversely affected compared to upstream.

scholarly journals Application of artificial neural network (ANN) for water quality index (WQI) prediction for the river Warta, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M Kulisz ◽  
J Kujawska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Neural Network Modelling

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the potential of using neural network modelling for the prediction of the surface water quality index (WQI). An artificial neural network modelling has been performed using the physicochemical parameters (TDS, chloride, TH, nitrate, and manganese) as an input layer to the model, and the WQI as an output layer. The physicochemical parameters have been taken from five measuring stations of the river Warta in the years 2014-2018 via the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ). The best results of modelling were obtained for networks with 5 neurons in the hidden layer. A high correlation coefficient (general and within subsets) 0.9792, low level of MSE in each subset (training, test, validation), as well as RMSE at a level of 0.624507639 serve as a confirmation. Additionally, the maximum percentage of an error for WQI value did not exceed 4%, which confirms a high level of conformity of real data in comparison to those obtained during prediction. The aforementioned results clearly present that the ANN models are effective for the prediction of the value of the Surface water quality index and may be regarded as adequate for application in simulation by units monitoring condition of the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 38545-38558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Jehan ◽  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Seema Anjum Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Swat River

Abstract This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and salinity hazards, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk of HM in the study area. For water-related health risk, HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values were > 1, indicating noncarcinogenic health risk (NCR) posed by these HM to the exposed population.

scholarly journals Multivariate and Spatial Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in an Irrigation District, Chihuahua, Mexico

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Prieto-Amparán ◽  
Beatriz Rocha-Gutiérrez ◽  
María Ballinas-Casarrubias ◽  
María Valles-Aragón ◽  
María Peralta-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Agricultural Use

Water quality is relevant due to the complexity of the interaction of physicochemical and biological parameters. The Irrigation District 005 (ID005) is one of the most important agricultural region in Chihuahua, México; for that reason, it was proposed to investigate the water quality of the site. Water samples were collected in two periods: Summer (S1) and Fall (S2). The samples were taken from 65 wells in S1, and 54 wells in S2. Physicochemical parameters (PhP) such as Arsenic (As), Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxide Reduction Potential (ORP), Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Turbidity were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and spatial variability tests. In both seasons, the TDS exceeded the Mexican maximum permissible level (MPL) (35% S1, 39% S2). Turbidity exceeded the MPL in S1 (29%) and in S2 (12%). Arsenic was above the MPL for water of agricultural use in 9% (S1) and 13% (S2) of the wells. The PCA results suggested that most variations in water quality in S1 were due to As, pH and Temperature, followed by EC, TDS and Hardness; while in S2 to EC, TDS and Hardness, followed by As and pH.

Fecal and Coliform Levels as Indicative Factors in Deterioration of the Water Quality of

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EUKENE OPORTO BENSIG ◽  
MARY JOYCE L. FLORES ◽  
FLEURDELIZ F. MAGLANGIT
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Ecology ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

The use of surface waters such as rivers for domestic, agricultural andindustrial purposes have made them vulnerable to pollution leading to impairedwater quality. The water quality of Lahug River in Cebu City was evaluated usingcoliforms as indicators, in relation with physicochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate,pH, phosphate, salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and totalsuspended solids (TSS). Sampling was done once a month from November 2011to April 2012 in three stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream.The multiple tube fermentation technique was used for the analysis of coliforms.The level of these indicator bacteria increased from the upstream towards thelower reaches of the river especially in the months of February to April; however,the difference in values across time was not significant. This implies that therewas a continuous fecal pollution in the river. There were no statistically significantcorrelations between FCs and TCs with the physicochemical parameters. Anegative relationship was observed among FCs and TCs with pH, TSS, DOand nitrate (p>0.05). These results suggest the presence of sewage and organicpollutants in the river.Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, water quality, coliform, physicochemical parameters,experimental design, Philippines

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