Aortic valve cell microenvironment: Considerations for developing a valve-on-chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 041303
Author(s):  
Ishita Tandon ◽  
Asya Ozkizilcik ◽  
Prashanth Ravishankar ◽  
Kartik Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Cell Microenvironment ◽  
On Chip

An Assessment of Ca-Naphthenate-Epon Mixtures as Standards for Calcium Quantification in Aortic Valve Leaflets

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
Kathryn N. Colonna ◽  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Susan C. Sellers ◽  
J. David Deck
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aortic Valve Leaflets

Qualitative x-ray microanalytical studies used to demonstrate calcium in bioprosthetic aortic valves have shown that it occurs in a range of morphological forms. A consistent and reproducible standard for measuring calcium was necessary to investigate whether these forms represented varying concentrations of calcium. To provide such a standard, we tested a series of calcium naphthenate-epon mixtures.

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2696
Author(s):  
Riddhi Trivedi ◽  
Kalyani Barve
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

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