Numerical simulation of outgassing characteristics of microchannel plate glass

Ze Yao; Yan Pang; Yuan Yuan; Wenbo Hu; Renan Bu; Huiqing Fan

doi:10.1063/5.0055563

Numerical simulation study on gain nonlinearity of microchannel plate in photomultiplier tube

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ◽

10.1109/tns.2021.3121583 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Lehui Guo ◽

Ping Chen ◽

Lili Li ◽

Yongsheng Gou ◽

Hulin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Microchannel Plate ◽

Photomultiplier Tube

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Microstructural and Microchemical Characterization of Nickel Sulfide Inclusions in Plate Glass

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089123 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 962-963

Author(s):

J. Cooper ◽

O. Popoola ◽

W. M. Kriven

Keyword(s):

Thermal Expansion ◽

Phase Transformation ◽

Glass Matrix ◽

Nickel Sulfide ◽

Plate Glass ◽

Thermal Expansion Mismatch ◽

Volume Increase ◽

Β Phase ◽

Microchemical Characterization

Nickel sulfide inclusions have been implicated in the spontaneous fracture of large windows of tempered plate glass. Two alternative explanations for the fracture-initiating behaviour of these inclusions have been proposed: (1) the volume increase which accompanies the α to β phase transformation in stoichiometric NiS, and (2) the thermal expansion mismatch between the nickel sulfide phases and the glass matrix. The microstructure and microchemistry of the small inclusions (80 to 250 μm spheres), needed to determine the cause of fracture, have not been well characterized hitherto. The aim of this communication is to report a detailed TEM and EDS study of the inclusions.

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Effect of energy filtering on micro-diffraction in the SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017075x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 604-605

Author(s):

James F. Mancuso ◽

Leo A. Fama ◽

William B. Maxwell ◽

Jerry L. Lehman ◽

Hasso Weiland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Efficiency ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

High Gain ◽

Microchannel Plate ◽

Electrostatic Energy ◽

Energy Filtering ◽

Electron Channelling ◽

Low Energy Electrons ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Angular Field Of View

Micro-diffraction based crystallography is essential to the design and development of many classes of ‘crafted materials’. Although the scanning electron microscope can provide crystallographic information with high spatial resolution, its current utility is severely limited by the low sensitivity of existing diffraction techniques (ref: Dingley). Previously, Joy showed that energy filtering increased contrast and pattern visibility in electron channelling. This present paper discribes the effect of energy filtering on EBSP sensitivity and backscattered SEM imaging.The EBSP detector consisted of an electron energy filter, a microchannel plate detector, a phosphor screen, optical coupler, and a slow scan CCD camera. The electrostatic energy filter used in this experiment was constructed as a cone with 5 coaxial electrodes. The angular field-of-view of the filter was approximately 38°. The microchannel plate, which was the initial sensing component, had high gain and had 50% to 80% detection efficiency for the low energy electrons that passed through the retarding field filter.

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Low - Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging, Secondary and Backscatter, With Microchannel Plate Detector

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180963 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 442-442

Author(s):

Galen Powers ◽

Ray Cochran

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Beam Current ◽

Microchannel Plate ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Backscatter Signal ◽

Vacuum Interface ◽

Width Measurements ◽

Working Distance ◽

Beam Currents

The capability to obtain symmetrical images at voltages as low as 200 eV and beam currents less than 9 pico amps is believed to be advantageous for metrology and study of dielectric or biological samples. Symmetrical images should allow more precise and accurate line width measurements than currently achievable by traditional secondary electron detectors. The low voltage and current capability should allow imaging of samples which traditionally have been difficult because of charging or electron beam damage.The detector system consists of a lens mounted dual anode MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detector, vacuum interface, power supplies, and signal conditioning to interface directly to the video card of the SEM. The detector has been miniaturized so that it does not interfere with normal operation of the SEM sample handling and alternate detector operation. Biasing of the detector collection face will either add secondaries to the backscatter signal or reject secondaries yielding only a backscatter image. The dual anode design allows A−B signal processing to provide topological information as well as symmetrical A+B images.Photomicrographs will show some of the system capabilities. Resolution will be documented with gold on carbon. Variation of voltage, beam current, and working distance on dielectric samples such as glass and photoresist will demonstrate effects of common parameter changes.

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