scholarly journals Screening of secondary metabolites quinine alkaloid by endophytic bacteria from cinchona plants (Cinchona ledgeriana moens.) root

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzi Akhbar Anugrah ◽  
Satrio Anggoro Putra ◽  
Sulisetijono Sulisetijono ◽  
Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas ◽  
Hanumi Oktyani Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vina Maulidia ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin ◽  
Khairan Khairan ◽  
Takahiro Hamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Abstract. Maulidia V, Soesanto L, Syamsuddin, Khairan K, Hamaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Sriwati R. 2020. Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.). Biodiversitas 21: 5270-5275. Endophytic bacteria live and colonize in plant tissues without causing disease to their plant host. Among several processes, these bacteria can produce secondary metabolites that can help in the defense of plant host against pathogens. This study aimed to identify endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne sp. in tomato plants. Six endophytic bacteria candidates from the genus Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Serratia were isolated from Solanum Lycopersicum, Psidium guajava, Pinus merkusii, Dendrocalamus asper, Albizia chinensis, and Theobroma cacao L, respectively. The average mortality of Meloidogyne sp. by endophytic bacteria was 70,27% to 95,46%. From these, B. thuringiensis AK08 produced compounds of the secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids. The best result of the average incubation period, number of galls in the root, number of nematodes at the root, and the number of nematodes in the soil on tomato plant were shown by B. thuringiensis. The major compounds in GC-MS analysis of B. thuringiensis were cholest-5-en-3-ol (3.beta.)-carbonochloridate (25.35%). Bacillus thuringiensis not only has rules as bio-insecticide but also has nematicidal effect.

scholarly journals Alkaloids Production and Cell Growth of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Effects of Fungal Filtrate and Methyl Jasmonate Elicitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Yustiny Andaliza Hasibuan ◽  
Diah Ratnadewi ◽  
Zainal Alim Mas’ud
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cinchona Alkaloids ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana ◽  
Culture Technology

Cinchona alkaloids are known as antimalaria and anti-arrhythmic. Due to the long waiting time to harvest, cell culture technology is a challenge. This study aimed to determine the effects of elicitors, filtrate of two strains of endophytic fungi and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), in cell suspension culture of Cinchona ledgeriana on quinine and quinidine production. The cells were cultured for seven weeks in woody plant (WP) media treated with either of those elicitors in various concentrations. The cells growth was observed and the alkaloids were analyzed by HPLC. Cells treated with MeJA failed to grow that led to the cell biomass insufficiency for alkaloids determination.  It indicates that the cells are quite sensitive to even low concentration of MeJA that hampered the growth. Cells treated with the filtrate of Diaporthe sp. M13-Millipore filtered (S2M) gave the least cell biomass but presented the highest content of both alkaloids. Diaporthe sp. strain M-13 is stronger as elicitor than M-23 for this plant species. Filtrate of non-virulent fungi can elevate the biosynthesis of alkaloids. This reconfirms that cultured cells are capable to produce secondary metabolites and the productivity can be increased by using an appropriate elicitor.  

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites Profiling of Acinetobacter baumannii Associated with Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Leaves and Concentration Dependent Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Monowar ◽  
Md. Sayedur Rahman ◽  
Subhash J. Bhore ◽  
Gunasunderi Raju ◽  
Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Secondary bioactive compounds of endophytes are inevitable biomolecules of therapeutical importance. In the present study, secondary metabolites profiling of an endophytic bacterial strain, Acinetobacter baumannii, were explored using GC-MS study. Presence of antioxidant substances and antioxidant properties in chloroform (CHL), diethyl ether (DEE), and ethyl acetate (EA) crude extracts of the endophytic bacteria were studied. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating assay were evaluated. A total of 74 compounds were identified from the GC-MS analysis of the EA extract representing mostly alkane compounds followed by phenols, carboxylic acids, aromatic heterocyclic compounds, ketones, aromatic esters, aromatic benzenes, and alkenes. Among the two phenolic compounds, namely, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- and phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, the former was found in abundance (11.56%) while the latter was found in smaller quantity (0.14%). Moreover, the endophytic bacteria was found to possess a number of metal ions including Fe(II) and Cu(II) as 1307.13 ± 2.35 ppb and 42.38 ± 0.352 ppb, respectively. The extracts exhibited concentration dependent antioxidant and prooxidant properties at high and low concentrations, respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds and metal ions was believed to play an important role in the antioxidant and prooxidant potentials of the extracts. Further studies are suggested for exploring the untapped resource of endophytic bacteria for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Localization of Alkaloid and Other Secondary Metabolites in Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Anatomical and Histochemical Studies on Fresh Tissues and Cultured Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dian Rahma Pratiwi ◽  
Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Diah Ratnadewi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana ◽  
Positive Results

Cinchona ledgeriana produces several secondary metabolites. The main quinoline alkaloid, quinine that is widely used as an antimalarial drug, is most commonly extracted from the bark of Cinchona, and its leaves contain several other metabolites. Many studies have revealed that cell culture of Cinchona also produces quinine. Nevertheless, the sites of secondary metabolites accumulation are still elusive. This study is aimed at describing specific anatomical structures where alkaloids and some other secondary metabolites are accumulated as well as their localization in leaves and barks of C. ledgeriana, compared to those found in cultured cells. Fresh leaves and barks, and cells of C. ledgeriana were used for anatomical observation and histochemical tests. It was found that these plant parts have specialized structures, idioblast cells with elliptical- and spherical-shapes, scattered in leaf hypodermis, stem cortex, and secondary phloem. Unspecialized structures such as epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues were also found accumulating some metabolites. Histochemical tests showed that bark and leaves contained alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, and lipophilic compounds. Cultured cells presented positive results for alkaloids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER BAKTERI ENDOFIT AKAR TANAMAN Moringa oleifera L (Kelor)

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeta Kuntari ◽  
Sumpono Sumpono ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Murashige Skoog

[ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM ENDOFIT BACTERIA OF  Moringa oleifera L (KELOR) ROOTS]  The purpose of this research was aims to isolate and measure the ability of antioxidant activity from secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria that grow in the live tissue root  of Moringa oleifera L. (kelor). Endophytic bacteria were purified and cultured using a solid  Murashige-skoog (MS)  medium for 3 days at room temperature. Secondary metabolites were obtained by centrifugation process at a rate of 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The bacterial fermentation process  using  Nutrient Broth  (NB) medium for 72 hours with a shaker speed at 170 rpm . The suspension supernatant was extracted with a maceration method using 86% ethyl acetate, followed by vacuum rotary evaporator concentration at 40 ° C. The extract antioxidant activity test  was performed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 517 nm wavelength and ascorbic acid as standard. The result of DPPH test showed that the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic bacterial from root of M. oleifera L root has IC50 value at  315, 396 ppm.  Based on these results, it can be concluded that the secondary metabolite extract of endophytic bacterial from M. oleifera L root classified as weak antioxidant (IC50> 250 ppm).

scholarly journals Potensi antagonisme senyawa metabolit sekunder asal bakteri endofit dengan pelarut metanol terhadap jamur G. boninense Pat.

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Ceppy Nasahi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Rotary Evaporator

ABSTRACTAntagonism potency of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria in methanol against pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense Pat.The research aimed to determine the antifungal effect of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria of healthy root oil palm tree against the growth of Ganoderma boninense, the causal agent of basal stem rot disease on oil palm tree. Endophytic bacteria isolates (BEK5, BEK6, BEK7, BEK8, BEK9, BEK10 dan BEK11) were grown on ISP2 agar media for 14 days and extracted using methanol. Following extraction, the methanol was evaporated using rotary evaporator and the filtrat was sterilized using membrane filter 0.2 μm. The effect of the secondary metabolites against G. boninense was tested using agar well diffusion method. The observation on the colony growth and morphologicy of G. boninense mycelia were done at 7 days after treatment. The result demonstrated that all of the endophytic bacteria were able to produce seconday metablites that has antifungal effect on the growth of G. boninense. The highest growth inhibition was shown by secondary metabolites produced by BEK6 with inhibition of 22.89%. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites produced by all of the endophytic bacteria were caused morphological changes on the mycelia of G. boninense.Keywords; Antifungal, Inhibition, MalformationABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antijamur metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri endofit asal akar tanaman kelapa sawit untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Ganoderma boninense, penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Isolat-isolat bakteri endofit (BEK5, BEK6, BEK7, BEK8, BEK9, BEK10 dan BEK11) ditumbuhkan pada media ISP2 agar selama 14 hari dan kemudain diekstraksi dengan pelarut metanol. Metanol diuapkan menggunakan rotary evaporator dan filtrat yang dihasilkan disterilkan menggunakan membran filter berukuran 0,2 μm. Pengujian pengaruh senyawa metabolit sekunder terhadap pertumbuhan jamur G. boninense dilakukan dengan metode agar well diffusion. Pengamatan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur G. boninense dan morfologi miselia G. boninense dilakukan pada 7 hari setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua isolat bakteri endofit mengeluarkan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur G. boninense. Penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni jamur G. boninense tertinggi sebesar 22,89% ditemukan pada perlakuan metabolit sekunder asal bakteri BEK6. Pengamatan terhadap morfologi jamur G. boninense menunjukkan bahwa senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh isolat-isolat bakteri endofit tersebut dapat menyebabkan perubahan morfologi miselia G. boninense.Kata kunci: Antifungal, Penghambatan, Malformasi

scholarly journals Pharmacological Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Genome Sequences of Bacterial Endophytes from the Mangrove Plant Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Ton That Huu Dat ◽  
Phung Thi Thuy Oanh ◽  
Le Canh Viet Cuong ◽  
Le Tuan Anh ◽  
Le Thi Hong Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Mangrove plant endophytic bacteria are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In the present study, twenty-three endophytic bacteria were isolated from the fresh roots of the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata. The identification of isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolated endophytic bacteria belonged to nine genera, including Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudovibrio, Microbacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbulbifer, Micrococcus, Rossellomorea, and Paracoccus. The ethyl acetate extracts of the endophytic bacteria’s pharmacological properties were evaluated in vitro, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of three high bioactive strains Bacillus sp. RAR_GA_16, Rossellomorea vietnamensis RAR_WA_32, and Bacillus sp. RAR_M1_44 identified major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their ethyl acetate extracts. Genome analyses identified biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites of the bacterial endophytes. The obtained results reveal that the endophytic bacteria from R. apiculata may be a potential source of pharmacological secondary metabolites, and further investigations of the high bioactive strains—such as fermentation and isolation of pure bioactive compounds, and heterologous expression of novel BGCs in appropriate expression hosts—may allow exploring and exploiting the promising bioactive compounds for future drug development.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic bacteria F4 of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012172
Author(s):  
P R Sarjono ◽  
D Silvia ◽  
N S Mulyani ◽  
Ismiyarto ◽  
Ngadiwiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Carica Papaya

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacteria From the Roots of the Medicinal Plant Alkanna tinctoria Tausch (Boraginaceae): Exploration of Plant Growth Promoting Properties and Potential Role in the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Rat ◽  
Henry D. Naranjo ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
Katerina Grigoriadou ◽  
Eleni Maloupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Alkanna Tinctoria ◽  
Growth Promoting

Alkannin and shikonin (A/S) are enantiomeric naphthoquinones produced in the roots of certain plants from the Boraginaceae family such as Lithospermum spp. and Alkanna spp. They possess antimicrobial, anti-tumoral and wound healing properties. The production of secondary metabolites by Alkanna tinctoria might be influenced by its endomicrobiome. To study the interaction between this medicinal plant and its bacterial endophytes, we isolated bacteria from the roots of wild growing Alkanna tinctoria collected near to Athens and Thessaloniki in Greece. Representative strains selected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In total, 197 distinct phylotypes of endophytic bacteria were detected. The most abundant genera recovered were Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Variovorax, Bacillus, Inquilinus, Pantoea, and Stenotrophomonas. Several bacteria were then tested in vitro for their plant growth promoting activity and the production of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Strains of Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Bacillus and Inquilinus showed positive plant growth properties whereas those of Bacteroidetes and Rhizobiaceae showed pectinase and cellulase activity in vitro. In addition, bacterial responses to alkannin and shikonin were investigated through resistance assays. Gram negative bacteria were found to be resistant to the antimicrobial properties of A/S, whereas the Gram positives were sensitive. A selection of bacteria was then tested for the ability to induce A/S production in hairy roots culture of A. tinctoria. Four strains belonging to Chitinophaga sp., Allorhizobium sp., Duganella sp., and Micromonospora sp., resulted in significantly more A/S in the hairy roots than the uninoculated control. As these bacteria can produce cell-wall degrading enzymes, we hypothesize that the A/S induction may be related with the plant-bacteria interaction during colonization.

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