Internal hydrogen generation and a decrease in oxidative stress by Si-based agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hikaru Kobayashi ◽  
Shoichi Shimada ◽  
Ryoichi Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Internal Hydrogen

Preliminary Forensic Engineering Study on the Fukushima Accident

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genn Saji
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
Internal Hydrogen ◽  
Engineering Study ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Accident Scenarios

Even after 6 years since the accident, the exact accident progression for each unit and location of core debris has not been clarified. Currently efforts are directed towards robotic inspection with remote cameras, as well as dose and temperature measurements of the environment inside of the Primary Containment Vessels (PCV). In spite of their effort, the observed environmental data do not support the existence of a large radiation heat sources attributable to the molten core at the bottom of the Primary Containments. Under this situation the author has conducted a forensic engineering study (i.e., different fields of science work together to collect and integrate independent evidences) to clarify the most likely accident scenarios of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Through this study the author found that the environmental contamination and public exposure could have been substantially mitigated should the following vulnerabilities have been removed before the accident: (1) The threat of hydrogen generation through “radiation-induced electrolysis”. (2) Potential threat of “internal hydrogen explosion” in the suppression pools. The atmosphere on top of the suppression pool water (cover gas) should have been nitrogen. (3) Potential threat of “internal hydrogen explosion” in pipes which had occurred in the case of the Hamaoka Unit 1 accident. (4) The leak rate of PCV should have been testable at its design pressure. Intrinsic safety factor of the containment flanges against effluent leakage should have been rated as a 3 for functional integrity of the PCV. (5) Spread of hydrogen gas from vent lines through duct networks connected to SGTS. The hardened vent line should be independent and provided with filters for Dry Well venting. No rupture disks should have been installed in the vent lines.

Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8547-8559
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengyao Mu ◽  
Menghao Guo ◽  
Hongxian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Pancreatic stones shockwave lithotripsy induces oxidative stress. A study of lipoperoxidation products in pure pancreatic juice

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A217-A217
Author(s):  
C SPADA ◽  
S SANTINI ◽  
F FOSCHIA ◽  
M PANDOLFI ◽  
V PERRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Pure Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Pancreatic Stones

Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) protects against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A116-A116
Author(s):  
S ALEYNIK ◽  
M ALEYNIK ◽  
C LIEBER
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress
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