scholarly journals A compact 1200 V, 700 A, IGBT-based pulse generator for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in vivo laboratory experiments on small animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 084710
Author(s):  
Daniel Senda ◽  
Haley Strong ◽  
Dustin Hines ◽  
Rochelle Hines ◽  
R. Jacob Baker
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Small Animals

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tang ◽  
Gary Thickbroom ◽  
Jennifer Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Since the development of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the early 1980s, a range of repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols are now available to modulate neuronal plasticity in clinical and non-clinical populations. However, despite the wide application of rTMS in humans, the mechanisms underlying rTMS-induced plasticity remain uncertain. Animal and in vitro models provide an adjunct method of investigating potential synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms of rTMS-induced plasticity. This review summarizes in vitro experimental studies, in vivo studies with intact rodents, and preclinical models of selected neurological disorders—Parkinson’s disease, depression, and stroke. We suggest that these basic research findings can contribute to the understanding of how rTMS-induced plasticity can be modulated, including novel mechanisms such as neuroprotection and neurogenesis that have significant therapeutic potential.

The Combination of rTMS and Pharmacotherapy on In Vitro Models: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Chryssa Pourzitaki ◽  
Ioannis Dardalas ◽  
Frideriki Poutoglidou ◽  
Dimitrios Kouvelas ◽  
Vasilios K. Kimiskidis
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is being actively explored as a potential therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders, including the Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved rTMS for the treatment of major depression, migraine-associated headaches, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The fact that a significant proportion of patients suffering from these disorders fail to respond to current pharmacological interventions indicates the need for alternative therapies like rTMS. Objective: The objective was to find and summarize all studies combining the use of rTMS and pharmacological interference in vitro, in order to facilitate future studies. Methods: The results of studies combining the use of rTMS with pharmacological interference in vitro were focused on. The PubMed database was searched using the terms “rTMS”, “repetitive”, “transcranial”, “magnetic”, “stimulation”, “in vitro”, “in vivo”, “cell cultures” untilMarch 2019 and 7 eligible studies were found. Results: Overall results show a synergistic effect of rTMS and pharmacotherapy in vitro with additive effectiveness, better prognosis, and superior potential management. Conclusion: The limited amount of knowledge denotes the need for additional in vitro studies on the combination of rTMS and pharmacotherapy, which could be extended to in vivo studies and ultimately help design clinical trials so as to improve the therapeutic management of patients with a wide array of neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation drives structural synaptic plasticity in the young and aged motor cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D Tang ◽  
William Bennett ◽  
Aidan D Bindoff ◽  
Jessica Collins ◽  
Michael I Garry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Intensity

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive tool commonly used to drive neural plasticity in the young adult and aged brain. Recent data from mouse models have shown that even at low intensities (0.12 Tesla), rTMS can drive neuronal and glial plasticity in the motor cortex. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying low intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) induced plasticity and whether these are altered with normal ageing are unclear. Using longitudinal in vivo 2-photon microscopy, we investigated the effect of LI-rTMS on the structural plasticity of pyramidal neuron dendritic spines in the motor cortex following a single train of LI-rTMS (in young adult and aged animals) or the same LI-rTMS train administered on 4 consecutive days (in young adult animals only). We found that LI-rTMS altered the rate of dendritic spine losses and gains, dependent on the number of stimulation sessions and that a single session of LI-rTMS was effective in driving structural synaptic plasticity in both young adult and aged mice. To our knowledge, these results provide the first in vivo evidence that rTMS drives synaptic plasticity in the brain and uncovers structural synaptic plasticity as a key mechanism of LI-rTMS induced plasticity.

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