Selectivity of ion transport in narrow carbon nanotubes depends on the driving force due to drag or drive nature of their active hydration shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (10) ◽  
pp. 104707
Author(s):  
Haiqi Gao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuzhen Liu ◽  
Yannan Xie ◽  
Petr Král ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Hydration Shells

Membrane dynamics in insect malpighian tubules

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. R967-R972
Author(s):  
T. J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Membrane Insertion ◽  
Cation Pump ◽  
Active Ion Transport ◽  
Urine Formation ◽  
Apical Membranes

Urine formation in insects occurs in the Malpighian tubules by means of active ion transport and osmotically coupled water flow. The rates of urine formation can vary with time and can be modulated by diuretic hormones, developmental events, and intracellular parasitism. This paper reviews a number of recent studies in which it has been demonstrated that variations in transport rate are associated with substantial changes in tubule ultrastructure in the form of membrane insertion into and deletion from the apical microvilli. The principal driving force for fluid movement in Malpighian tubules is thought to be a common cation pump located in the apical membranes. It is proposed that modulation of the apical microvillar membrane may reflect regulation by the cells of the number of common cation pump units involved in fluid secretion.

Fluid breakup in carbon nanotubes: An explanation of ultrafast ion transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 092003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Tianshou Zhao ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ion Transport

Wake Effects in Ion Transport through Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 096103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Shu-Yan You ◽  
Yuan-Hong Song ◽  
You-Nian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Wake Effects

scholarly journals Selective ion transport in functionalized carbon nanotubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga N. Samoylova ◽  
Emvia I. Calixte ◽  
Kevin L. Shuford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

Identifying the Mechanisms of Enhanced Water Flow Through Carbon Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thomas ◽  
A. J. H. McGaughey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Slip Length ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Water Viscosity ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
External Driving

Pressure-driven water flow through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with diameters ranging from 1.66 nm to 4.99 nm is examined using molecular dynamics simulation. The flow rate enhancement, defined as the ratio of the observed flow rate to that predicted from the no-slip Hagen-Poiseuille relation, is calculated for each CNT. The enhancement decreases with increasing CNT diameter and ranges from 433 to 47. By calculating the variation of water viscosity and slip length as a function of CNT diameter, it is found that the results can be fully explained in the context of continuum fluid mechanics. The enhancements are lower than previously reported experimental results, which range from 560 to 100000, suggesting a miscalculation of the available flow area and/or the presence of an uncontrolled external driving force (such as an electric field) in the experiments.

scholarly journals Porous Covalent Organic Nanotubes and Toroids: A Carbon Nanotube Analogue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Banerjee ◽  
Kalipada Koner ◽  
Shayan Karak ◽  
Sharath Kandambeth ◽  
Suvendu Karak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Organic Nanotubes ◽  
Role Of Solvent ◽  
Thermal And Chemical Stability ◽  
Made In

Abstract Despite the noteworthy progress made in the nanotubular architectures with well-defined lengths and diameter, the synthesis of a purely covalent bonded organic nanotube, so far, proved to be elusive. Our work includes a hitherto unavailable structure, "Covalent Organic Nanotubes (CONTs)," to the repertoire. Strong covalent bonds between C, N, and O imparts high thermal and chemical stability of CONTs. This novel bottom-up approach provides an edge over the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in functionalization, synthetic conditions, and porosity. CONT-1 exhibits a BET surface area of 321 m2g-1. These flexible CONTs intertwine with each other. The computational studies establish the role of solvent as the critical driving force for this type of convolution. Upon ultrasonication, the intertwined CONT-1 coil to form the toroidal superstructure.

Carbon Nanotubes: A Solution for Processing Smart Biomaterials

2010 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vila ◽  
Miguel Manzano ◽  
Maria Vallet-Regí
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Smart Biomaterials ◽  
External Stimuli

In the recent years the driving force for technological change in many respects has shifted towards the design and process of materials that offer a set of responses to external stimuli or environmental conditions. These materials are called “smart materials”. Such responses are designed to fulfil the range of scenarios to which a material or structure may be exposed providing them with a particular functionality. These materials are not only useful because of their structural, chemical, physical or mechanical properties; they can also perform an action within a process. It has been described that smart structures exhibit one or more of the following features; they can act as sensors or actuators within a structural material or bonded in the surface; or they have controllable capabilities that permit to respond to the stimuli according to a prescribed function. These materials become intelligent when they have the ability to respond intelligently and autonomously to changing conditions. There are lots of possibilities within the term functional “smart materials” but in all of them, the term is used to describe systems which respond to a stimulus in a useful and predictable manner. Nowadays it is widely known the useful capability of, piezoelectric, electro-optic, magnetic, electro-mechanic materials, etc…that respond to stimuli such as, electric or magnetic fields, stress, temperature, moisture or pH. These multifunctional character and capability of biomaterials makes them suitable for a big number of applications in every order of human activity, from photochromic lenses for sunglasses to military and aerospace uses. They are already a big part of the market in the engineering industry.

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