Influence of organic oxidizers on the physical and mechanical properties of chemically deposited copper coatings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Brusnitsina ◽  
E. I. Stepanovskih ◽  
T. A. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Copper Coatings

scholarly journals Dependence of physical and mechanical properties of copper coatings on composition of chemical copper plating solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Ludmila A. Brusnitsina ◽  
◽  
Elena I. Stepanovskih ◽  
Tatiana A. Alekseeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Copper Coating ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Copper Plating ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Copper Coatings

Chemical production of metal coatings is relevant and widely sought after. The field of practical use of chemical metal deposition reactions from aqueous solutions are continuously expanding. These reactions are widely used to obtain metal coatings for various purposes and begin to be used for the selective deposition of metals on a substrate in the form of patterns. Chemical copper plating has gained great practical importance. In additive and subtractive technology for the production of printed circuit boards, thick-layer chemical copper plating solutions are used to obtain a circuit diagram and metallization of holes. These are solutions that avoid the stage of galvanic copper plating, since the chemically deposited copper layer is sufficiently thick and allows further technological operations to be carried out. Chemical copper plating solutions must be stable, work with a sufficient copper plating rate and, most importantly, the resulting copper coatings have high physical and mechanical properties. This is due to the fact that during operation, printed circuit boards can be significantly heated, which leads to thermal expansion of both the board material and the copper coating. Due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficients of the substrate material and the deposited copper, significant stresses can occur in the copper layer deposited on the walls of the holes of the printed circuit board. When applying an inelastic copper coating, the layer breaks and the board exits the operating mode. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of some inorganic oxidizing agents on the properties of chemically precipitated copper, and this effect mainly affects the reduction of oxygen fragility. The mechanism of the process of chemical copper plating of a dielectric surface activated by palladium(II) salts is considered in detail. It is shown that at a high deposition rate of chemical copper, hydrogen is included in the coating, which leads to the appearance of “hydrogen” brittleness. Bubbling a solution of chemical copper plating with air increases the stability of the solution and can be used to oxidize certain forms of organic additives introduced into the solution to reduce hydrogen embrittlement. It is established that the incorporation of particles of copper oxide or hydroxide of monovalent copper into the copper coating leads to a decrease in the ductility of the copper coating and a decrease in the relative elongation of the chemically deposited copper layers. It was shown that in order to reduce the “oxygen” brittleness or increase the ductility of copper coatings, inorganic oxidants  ammonium persulfate and ferric sulfate salts must be introduced into the solution of chemical copper plating. Based on the experiments, it was found that in order to improve the ductility of the resulting copper coatings, ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙9H2O) in the amount of 0.15-0.2 gl1. The conducted research cycle allowed us to recommend the following composition of a solution of thick-layer chemical copper plating, mol∙l–1: CuSO4 – 0.1; KNaTart – 0.21; NaOH – 0.375; Na2CO3 – 0.028; K3Fe(CN)6 – 3∙10–5; Fe2(SO4)3 – 3∙10–4; NiCl2 – 1.3∙10–2; ПАВ-2К – 0.1 g/l; formaldehyde – 25 mll1 40% solution. The solution is stable during operation, the coating deposition rate is from 3 to 4 μmh1, the plasticity of the resulting copper layers is 4-5%.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tenun Pahang Fabrics using Alternative Yarns

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Engku Liyana Zafirah Engku Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Jamil Salleh ◽  
Suzaini Abd Ghani ◽  
Mohamad Faizul Yahya ◽  
Mohd Rozi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Made In

An investigation on the properties of Tenun Pahang fabric performances using alternative yarns was conducted. The studies were made in order to evaluate whether the Tenun Pahang fabric could be produced economically and at the same time maintain the fabric quality. Traditional Tenun Pahang fabric uses silk for both warp and weft. For this project, two alternative yarns were used which were bamboo and modal, which were a little lower in cost compared to silk. These yarns were woven with two variations, one with the yarns as weft only while maintaining the silk warp and the other with both warp and weft using the alternative yarns. Four (4) physical testings and three (3) mechanical testings conducted on the fabric samples. The fabric samples were evaluated including weight, thickness, thread density, crease recovery angle, stiffness and drapability. The results show that modal/silk and bamboo silk fabrics are comparable in terms of stiffness and drapability, hence they have the potential to replace 100% silk Tenun Pahang.

Basic set of experiments for determination of mechanical properties of sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
A. Sawicki ◽  
J. Mierczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Initial Anisotropy

Abstract A basic set of experiments for the determination of mechanical properties of sands is described. This includes the determination of basic physical and mechanical properties, as conventionally applied in soil mechanics, as well as some additional experiments, which provide further information on mechanical properties of granular soils. These additional experiments allow for determination of steady state and instability lines, stress-strain relations for isotropic loading and pure shearing, and simple cyclic shearing tests. Unconventional oedometric experiments are also presented. Necessary laboratory equipment is described, which includes a triaxial apparatus equipped with local strain gauges, an oedometer capable of measuring lateral stresses and a simple cyclic shearing apparatus. The above experiments provide additional information on soil’s properties, which is useful in studying the following phenomena: pre-failure deformations of sand including cyclic loading compaction, pore-pressure generation and liquefaction, both static and caused by cyclic loadings, the effect of sand initial anisotropy and various instabilities. An important feature of the experiments described is that they make it possible to determine the initial state of sand, defined as either contractive or dilative. Experimental results for the “Gdynia” model sand are shown.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REPROCESSED COMPOSITES OF POLYPROPYLENE REINFORCED BY WOOD FIBERS: PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Helena Sydenstricker Flores-Sahagun ◽  
Kelly Priscila Agapito ◽  
ROSA MARIA JIMENEZ AMEZCUA ◽  
Felipe Jedyn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers

Structure and properties of compact articles from high-alloyed iron powder with adding of boron nitride

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
B. O. Bolshakov ◽  
◽  
R. F. Galiakbarov ◽  
A. M. Smyslov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Wide Range

The results of the research of structure and properties of a composite compact from 13 Cr – 2 Мо and BN powders depending on the concentration of boron nitride are provided. It is shown that adding boron nitride in an amount of more than 2% by weight of the charge mixture leads to the formation of extended grain boundary porosity and finely dispersed BN layers in the structure, which provides a high level of wearing properties of the material. The effect of boron nitride concentration on physical and mechanical properties is determined. It was found that the introduction of a small amount of BN (up to 2 % by weight) into the compacts leads to an increase in plasticity, bending strength, and toughness by reducing the friction forces between the metal powder particles during pressing and a more complete grain boundary diffusion process during sintering. The formation of a regulated structure-phase composition of powder compacts of 13 Cr – 2 Mо – BN when the content of boron nitride changes in them allows us to provide the specified physical and mechanical properties in a wide range. The obtained results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed material allow us to reasonably choose the necessary composition of the powder compact for sealing structures of the flow part of steam turbines, depending on their operating conditions.

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