scholarly journals A two-layer model for coevolving opinion dynamics and collective decision-making in complex social systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 083107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zino ◽  
Mengbin Ye ◽  
Ming Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Two Layer Model ◽  
Complex Social Systems

scholarly journals Majority-rule opinion dynamics with differential latency: a mechanism for self-organized collective decision-making

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Montes de Oca ◽  
Eliseo Ferrante ◽  
Alexander Scheidler ◽  
Carlo Pinciroli ◽  
Mauro Birattari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Self Organized

scholarly journals Mixing Dyadic and Deliberative Opinion Dynamics in an Agent-Based Model of Group Decision-Making

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
George Butler ◽  
Gabriella Pigozzi ◽  
Juliette Rouchier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Social Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Collective Deliberation

In this article, we propose an agent-based model of opinion diffusion and voting where influence among individuals and deliberation in a group are mixed. The model is inspired from social modeling, as it describes an iterative process of collective decision-making that repeats a series of interindividual influences and collective deliberation steps, and studies the evolution of opinions and decisions in a group. It also aims at founding a comprehensive model to describe collective decision-making as a combination of two different paradigms: argumentation theory and ABM-influence models, which are not obvious to combine as a formal link between them is required. In our model, we find that deliberation, through the exchange of arguments, reduces the variance of opinions and the proportion of extremists in a population as long as not too much deliberation takes place in the decision processes. Additionally, if we define the correct collective decisions in the system in terms of the arguments that should be accepted, allowing for more deliberation favors convergence towards the correct decisions.

scholarly journals The wisdom of stalemates: consensus and clustering as filtering mechanisms for improving collective accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201802
Author(s):  
Claudia Winklmayr ◽  
Albert B. Kao ◽  
Joseph B. Bak-Coleman ◽  
Pawel Romanczuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

Groups of organisms, from bacteria to fish schools to human societies, depend on their ability to make accurate decisions in an uncertain world. Most models of collective decision-making assume that groups reach a consensus during a decision-making bout, often through simple majority rule. In many natural and sociological systems, however, groups may fail to reach consensus, resulting in stalemates. Here, we build on opinion dynamics and collective wisdom models to examine how stalemates may affect the wisdom of crowds. For simple environments, where individuals have access to independent sources of information, we find that stalemates improve collective accuracy by selectively filtering out incorrect decisions (an effect we call stalemate filtering). In complex environments, where individuals have access to both shared and independent information, this effect is even more pronounced, restoring the wisdom of crowds in regions of parameter space where large groups perform poorly when making decisions using majority rule. We identify network properties that tune the system between consensus and accuracy, providing mechanisms by which animals, or evolution, could dynamically adjust the collective decision-making process in response to the reward structure of the possible outcomes. Overall, these results highlight the adaptive potential of stalemate filtering for improving the decision-making abilities of group-living animals.

scholarly journals The wisdom of stalemates: consensus and clustering as filtering mechanisms for improving collective accuracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Winklmayr ◽  
Albert B. Kao ◽  
Joseph B. Bak-Coleman ◽  
Pawel Romanczuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

ABSTRACTGroups of organisms, from bacteria to fish schools to human societies, depend on their ability to make accurate decisions in an uncertain world. Most models of collective decision-making assume that groups reach a consensus during a decision-making bout, often through simple majority rule. In many natural and sociological systems, however, groups may fail to reach consensus, resulting in stalemates. Here, we build on opinion dynamics and collective wisdom models to examine how stalemates may affect the wisdom of crowds. For simple environments, where individuals have access to independent sources of information, we find that stalemates improve collective accuracy by selectively filtering out incorrect decisions. In complex environments, where individuals have access to both shared and independent information, this effect is even more pronounced, restoring the wisdom of crowds in regions of parameter space where large groups perform poorly when making decisions using majority rule. We identify network properties that tune the system between consensus and accuracy, providing mechanisms by which animals, or evolution, could dynamically adjust the collective decision-making process in response to the reward structure of the possible outcomes. Overall, these results highlight the adaptive potential of stalemale filtering for improving the decision-making abilities of group-living animals.

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

Corruption and Anticorruption in Democratic Athens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Individual Judgment ◽  
Collective Judgment ◽  
Hidden Knowledge

The chapter examines a major corruption scandal that involved the Athenian orator Demosthenes and an official of Alexander the Great. This episode reveals how tensions between individual and collective decision-making practices shaped Athenian understandings of corruption and anticorruption. The various and multiple anticorruption measures of Athens sought to bring ‘hidden’ knowledge into the open and thereby remove information from the realm of individual judgment, placing it instead into the realm of collective judgment. The Athenian experience therefore suggests that participatory democracy, and a civic culture that fosters political equality rather than reliance on individual expertise, provides a key bulwark against corruption.

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