scholarly journals Insect communities in open and closed canopy in monsoon forest, Baluran National Park, Situbondo Jawa Timur

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatchur Rohman ◽  
Danial Mursyd ◽  
Suhadi ◽  
Agus Dharmawan ◽  
Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Monsoon Forest ◽  
Closed Canopy

Eighty years of change: vegetation in the montane ecoregion of Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2010-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine M Rhemtulla ◽  
Ronald J Hall ◽  
Eric S Higgs ◽  
S Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Jasper National Park ◽  
Closed Canopy

Repeat ground photographs (taken in 1915 and 1997) from a series of topographical survey stations and repeat aerial photographs (flown in 1949 and 1991) were analysed to assess changes in vegetation composition and distribution in the montane ecoregion of Jasper National Park, in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. A quantitative approach for assessing relative vegetation change in repeat ground photographs was developed and tested. The results indicated a shift towards late-successional vegetation types and an increase in crown closure in coniferous stands. Grasslands, shrub, juvenile forest, and open forests decreased in extent, and closed-canopy forests became more prevalent. The majority of forest stands succeeded to dominance by coniferous species. Changes in vegetation patterns were likely largely attributable to shifts in the fire regime over the last century, although climatic conditions and human activity may also have been contributing factors. Implications of observed changes include decreased habitat diversity, increased possibility of insect outbreaks, and potential for future high-intensity fire events. Results of the study increase knowledge of historical reference conditions and may help to establish restoration goals for the montane ecoregion of the park.

Properties of the Yeast Communities Associated with Termites of a Tropical Monsoon Forest: Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499
Author(s):  
A. I. Zueva ◽  
A. V. Kachalkin ◽  
I. A. Maksimova ◽  
Nguyen Van Thinh ◽  
A. V. Tiunov
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Monsoon Forest ◽  
Tropical Monsoon ◽  
Cat Tien National Park ◽  
Tropical Monsoon Forest

scholarly journals Altitudinally coordinated pattern of plant community structure in the Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalik Ram Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Closed Canopy

Study on plant community structure was undertaken in different altitudinal ranges of Shivapuri National Park. The general objective of this study is to analyse different plant community structure in Shivapuri National Park with regards to altitudinal variation. The forest was divided into three distinct altitudinal ranges on the basis of dominancy. In each altitudinal range standard quadrats method was applied for vegetation analysis. The highest number of species was found in site II. All the ecological parameters of the plant species were higher in site II except Basal Area of tree that was highest in site III. The pattern of distribution of plant species was not uniform according to altitude. At higher elevation, the forest was mature with almost closed canopy and trees were large; so the tree density was low. Species richness was highest in site II. Species diversity among tree and shrub species was higher in site I. But for herb species diversity was higher in site II for both seasons. Such type of variations may be due to nature of soil i.e. acidity, nutrient availability and other micro-climatic factors. The most noteworthy thing was that variation in flower colour of Rhododendron arboreum i.e. deep scarlet at low altitude, but it gradually changed into pinkish white as altitude increased. Key words: Altitude, Density, Plant community, Species diversity doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i1.2161 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 1, 11-17

scholarly journals Behavior, Diet, and Breeding Biology of Double-Toothed Kites at a Guatemalan Lowland Site

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Schulze ◽  
Jose LuÍs CÓrdova ◽  
Nathaniel E. Seavy ◽  
David F. Whitacre
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Tropical Lowland Forest ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Closed Canopy

Abstract We studied Double-toothed Kites (Harpagus bidentatus) in tropical lowland forest at Tikal National Park, Petén, Guatemala, documenting behavior and diet during the incubation and nestling periods. These 200-g kites are Accipiter-like in form and strikingly size-dimorphic for a kite. Modal clutch size was two, producing 0.63 fledglings per nesting attempt and 1.25 per successful nest. Nesting was largely synchronous among pairs, with hatching during the first month of the rainy season and fledging one month later. Incubation lasted 42–45 days and nestlings fledged at 29.5 days on average. A radio-tagged fledgling was fed near the nest for 35 days; 6–8 weeks after fledging it dispersed at least 10 km, presumably reaching independence. Males did not incubate or brood, and rarely fed nestlings directly. Males typically provided most but not all prey (mainly lizards) during incubation and early nestling periods. Insects in the nestling diet increased through the nestling period as females increasingly hunted, often bringing in insects. These kites hunted from perches, below and within the closed canopy of tall, mature forest, taking 60.5% insects, 38.1% lizards, and 1.4% other vertebrates; vertebrates comprised at least 75% of prey biomass. Most prey were taken from vegetation, but prey in flight also were captured. Active, adjacent nests averaged 1.35 km apart, for a maximum density estimate of 0.60 pairs km−2 and a more likely estimate of 0.33–0.50 pairs km−2 in homogeneous, favorable habitat and 0.29–0.44 pairs km−2 for Tikal National Park as a whole.

scholarly journals Status and conservation of primates in Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Terra Firma ◽  
Western Lowland Gorilla ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractA survey of diurnal primate populations was carried out in Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo, over 3 months in 1994 and 2 months in 1995. The park contains a high diversity and species-specific abundance of primates, and has the highest number of diurnal primates (10 species) in the forest block of Central Africa. Eight species of monkey: greater whitenosed monkey Cercopithecus nictitans, moustached monkey Cercopithecus cephus, crowned guenon Cercopithecus pogonias, De Brazza's monkey Cercopithecus neglectus, talapoin Miopithecus talapoin, white-cheeked mangabey Cercocebus albigena, agile mangabey Cercocebus galeritus and guereza Colobus guereza, as well as gorilla Gorilla g. gorilla and chimpanzee Pan t. troglodytes were sighted in the survey. Monkey species richness was highest in dense inundated forest and thicket, with all eight species occurring in these habitats, whereas only four species were found in terra firma forest (consisting of the park's two main habitats, open-canopy Marantaceae forest and closed-canopy primary forest). Three of the four species (C. nictitans, C. cephus and C. albigena) present in terra firma forest were most abundant in closed-canopy primary forest (1.4,1.0 and 0.6 groups per km, respectively) while the fourth (C. pogonias) was most abundant in open-canopy Marantaceae forest. Gorilla nests were most abundant in open-canopy Marantaceae forest (12.1 nests per km), while chimpanzee nests were mostly found in closed-canopy primary forest and Marantaceae forest (14 and 12 nests per km, respectively). Odzala has the highest recorded densities of western lowland gorilla (mean = 5.4 individuals per sq km) and chimpanzee (mean = 2.2 individuals per sq km) in Central Africa. The high densities of gorillas and chimpanzees may be a result of the high productivity of the forest and low poaching pressure. Conservation measures to ensure the maintenance of conditions in the area, such as educational programmes, are suggested.

Dynamics of Forest Clumps on Chenier Plains, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMJS Bowman ◽  
WJ Panton ◽  
L Mcdonough
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Bos Javanicus ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Monsoon Forest

Forest clumps occur scattered throughout Sorghum plumosum grasslands on chenier plains at Gurig National Park, Cobourg Peninsula, a preferred habitat for the introduced banteng (Bos javanicus.). The clumps are dominated by Pandanus spiralis, Acacia auriculiformis, Alstonia actinophylla, Timonius timon and Casuarina equisetifolia and vary in size from the radius of one tree crown to large patches of over several hectares. Fifteen of the 32 woody species recorded in 42 clumps occurred as juveniles less than 1 cm diameter at breast height. Both the clumps and grasslands occur on uniform calcareous soils. The clumps are thought to be a stage in a succession towards monsoon forest. Field experiments showed that seedlings from a range of monsoon forest and savanna species can grow on the plains. Interpretation of aerial photography taken in 1963 and 1982 suggests that the clumps have expanded. Fire is thought to control the succession. A fire on the plains was found to kill between one and two-thirds of the basal area of Pandanus spiralis and A. auriculiformis and stimulated the establishment of six times more A. auriculiformis seedlings than in nearby unburnt clumps. Monsoon forest juveniles that invade the clumps typically resprout following fire. Stunted, fire-damaged monsoon forest species (e.g. Timonius timon, Alstonia actinophylla) occur in low densities in the grasslands. It is unclear whether banteng promotes the succession by reducing fuel loads in the grasslands and spreading A. auriculiforms seeds.

The impact of water buffalo on the monsoon forest ecosystem in Kakadu National Park

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BRAITHWAITE ◽  
M. L. DUDZINSKI ◽  
M. G. RIDPATH ◽  
B. S. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Monsoon Forest ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Exploration, phenolic content determination, and antioxidant activity of dominant pteridophytes in Gunung Malang Village, Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
RINDITA RINDITA ◽  
Vivi Anggia ◽  
EKA RAHMAESA ◽  
RETNA KUSUMA DEVI ◽  
LIDIA FATMAH ALAWIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Closed Canopy

Abstract. Rindita, Anggia V, Rahmaesa E, Devi RK, Alawiyah LF. 2020. Exploration, phenolic content determination, and antioxidant activity of dominant pteridophytes in Gunung Malang Village, Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3676-3682. Pteridophytes have been known to have pharmacological activities as an antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobials, and anticancer, such as Selaginella sp. In this research, exploration was conducted in Gunung Malang Village, Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS), West Java. Samples were collected by purposive sampling method, related to its abundant populations, Histiopteris incisa, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Selaginella willdenowii were collected based on different height and light intensity. Abiotic factors were measured to know their ecological requirements. Samples were extracted using ultrasonic method. Organoleptic test, yield, and phytochemical screening were done for the crudes extract. Total phenolic level was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity test with DPPH. Phytochemical screening showed that H. incisa contains phenolics, saponins, tannins, and steroids; N. biserrata contains phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins while S. willdenowii contains phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Phenolic content of H. incisa and N. biserrata from 700 m. asl.was 9.8523 mg GAE/g ± 0.9694 and 17.5399 mg GAE/g ± 0.5350 respectively, from 1000 m. asl. was 18.1231 mgGAE/g ±2.1535 and 8.8468 mg GAE/g ± 0.1437. S. willdenowii extract collected from shaded canopy forest was 19.2324 mg GAE/g ± 0.6041 and opened canopy forest was 38.7087 mg GAE/g ± 1.484. Antioxidant IC50 of H. incisa and N. biserrata from 700 m. asl. respectively was 96.4271 ppm and 85.1907 ppm, while from 1000 m. asl. was 75.6381 ppm and 95.0678 ppm, S. willdenowii from the closed canopy is 101.7326 ppm, while from the opened canopy was 92.0998 ppm. This study shows that all ferns tested gave significant antioxidant activity and was influenced by environmental factors.

scholarly journals The influence of topographic variation on forest structure in two woody plant communities: A remote sensing approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisira Ediriweera ◽  
Tim Danaher ◽  
Sumith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Topographic Variation

Aim of study:  The study aimed to characterise variation in structural attributes of vegetation in relation to variations in topographic position using LIDAR data over landscapes.Area of study: The study was conducted in open canopy eucalypt-dominated forest (Richmond Range National Park-RRNP) and closed canopy subtropical rainforest (Border Ranges National Park-BRNP) in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia.Material and Methods: one metre resolution digital canopy height model (CHM) was extracted from the LIDAR data and used to estimate maximum overstorey height and crown area. LIDAR fractional cover representing the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic component of canopy was calculated using LIDAR points aggregated into 50 m spatial bins. Potential solar insolation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), slope and the elevation were processed using LIDAR derived digital elevation models.Main results: No relationship was found between maximum overstorey height and insolation gradient in the BRNP. Maximum overstorey height decreased with increasing insolation in the RRNP (R2 0.45). Maximum overstorey height increased with increasing TWI in the RRNP. Average crown area decreased with increasing insolation in both study areas. LIDAR fractional cover decreased with increasing insolation (R2 0.54), and increased with increasing TWI (R2 0.57) in the RRNP.Research highlights: The characterization of structural parameters of vegetation in relation to the variation of the topography was possible in eucalyptus dominated open canopy forest.  No reportable difference in variation of structural elements of vegetation was detected with topographic variation of subtropical rainforest.  

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