Removal of chromium ions from a real wastewater of leather industry using electrocoagulation and reverse osmosis processes

Author(s):  
Rasha H. Salman ◽  
Hassanain A. Hassan ◽  
Khalid M. Abed ◽  
Ahmed Faiq Al-Alawy ◽  
Dhulfiqar A. Tuama ◽  
...  
RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (97) ◽  
pp. 54614-54624
Author(s):  
R. Boopathy ◽  
A. B. Mandal ◽  
G. Sekaran

Proposed scheme for the separation of sodium chloride, calcium sulphate and removal of organic pollutants from ER.


2015 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Badia-Fabregat ◽  
Daniel Lucas ◽  
Meritxell Gros ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz ◽  
Damià Barceló ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Çimen ◽  
Fevzi Kılıçel ◽  
Gülşin Arslan

Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.


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