A hydrocarbon reaction model for low temperature hydrogen plasmas and an application to the Joint European Torus

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Alman ◽  
D. N. Ruzic ◽  
J. N. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Hydrogen Plasmas

Low-temperature, polysulfide reactions of conjugated ene carbonyls: A reaction model for the geologic origin of S-heterocycles

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. LaLonde ◽  
Louis M. Ferrara ◽  
Michael P. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Model

scholarly journals Photoelectron emission induced by low temperature hydrogen plasmas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Laulainen ◽  
Taneli Kalvas ◽  
Hannu Koivisto ◽  
Risto Kronholm ◽  
Olli Tarvainen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Emission ◽  
Hydrogen Plasmas

Mechanism and kinetics of low-temperature thermo-chemical conversion process for sewage sludge

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ho ◽  
L. Shao ◽  
G. Gu ◽  
G. Li
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Transfer Characteristic ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Elementary Analysis

The low-temperature thermo-chemical conversion process for sewage sludge is a prospective technology, through which the energy in the sludge can be recovered. With the help of elementary analysis of sewage sludge and its conversion products, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the sludge and GC/MS analysis of the derived oil, a study was carried out on element transfer, characteristic conversion temperature and conversion reaction mechanism of the process. The following results are obtained: 1) the predominant conversion reactions are distillation of aliphatic compounds, splitting of protein peptide bonds and group transfer; and 2) the main components involved in the conversion are aliphatic compounds and protein, with the lower reaction temperature for the former, the higher for the latter and the highest for saccharides. Based on the mechanism analyses, the simplified reaction model of the thermo-chemical conversion process for sewage sludge consists of two serial competitive reactions (producing volatile matter and char respectively). The estimated Arrhennius kinetic parameters of the reaction model based on TGA testing results are A1 = 4.15×106 1/s, n1 = 2, E1 = 98 kJ/mol; A2 = 1.42×105 1/s, n2 = 2, E2 = 85 kJ/mol; A3 = 1.01×1012 1/s, n3 = 4, E3 =190 kJ/mol; A4 = 1.33×109 1/s, n4 = 4,E4 = 146 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Work function behavior of a biased C12A7 electride in low temperature hydrogen plasmas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heiler ◽  
R. Friedl ◽  
U. Fantz ◽  
R. Nocentini ◽  
M. Sasao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Hydrogen Plasmas

Parametric effects of low-temperature combustion synthesis of alumina

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chong Chen ◽  
Kuan-Tung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Parametric Effects

The influences of parameters on the low-temperature combustion synthesis of alumina particles from reactant mixture of aluminum nitrate and combustion fuel were studied using the particle size of as-synthesized alumina particles as a performance index. First, when urea was used as combustion fuel, it produced a higher combustion temperature and a larger particle size than the case when carbohydrazide was the fuel. Next, the combustion in air yielded a flame propagating through the reactant mixture, in contrast to a flame simultaneously ruptured from the entire reactant when the combustion was conducted in nitrogen. The particle size of the product obtained in nitrogen was 40% smaller than that obtained in air. Increasing the heating temperature could increase the alumina particle size due to the sintering effect, while combustion failed if the heating temperature was too small. The addition of diluent, excess fuel, and gas-releasing agents reduced the particle size. The increase of stirring speed also reduced the particle size. Next, if the reactant density (the amount of reactant mixture in the reacting container) was below a certain threshold value, the combustion failed to ignite. Increasing the reactant density was found to reduce the particle size due to the simultaneous reduction of combustion time and temperature. Finally, a liquid–gas reaction model was proposed and solved to study the threshold of combustion parameters.

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