A new method for atom temperature measurements in plasmas

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gouesbet ◽  
P. Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Atom Temperature

scholarly journals Retrieval of temperature from a multiple channel pure rotational Raman backscatter lidar using an optimal estimation method

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 5801-5816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayamila Mahagammulla Gamage ◽  
Robert J. Sica ◽  
Giovanni Martucci ◽  
Alexander Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. We present a new method for retrieving temperature from pure rotational Raman (PRR) lidar measurements. Our optimal estimation method (OEM) used in this study uses the full physics of PRR scattering and does not require any assumption of the form for a calibration function nor does it require fitting of calibration factors over a large range of temperatures. The only calibration required is the estimation of the ratio of the lidar constants of the two PRR channels (coupling constant) that can be evaluated at a single or multiple height bins using a simple analytic expression. The uncertainty budget of our OEM retrieval includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties, including the uncertainty in the determination of the coupling constant on the temperature. We show that the error due to calibration can be reduced significantly using our method, in particular in the upper troposphere when calibration is only possible over a limited temperature range. Some other advantages of our OEM over the traditional Raman lidar temperature retrieval algorithm include not requiring correction or gluing to the raw lidar measurements, providing a cutoff height for the temperature retrievals that specifies the height to which the retrieved profile is independent of the a priori temperature profile, and the retrieval's vertical resolution as a function of height. The new method is tested on PRR temperature measurements from the MeteoSwiss RAman Lidar for Meteorological Observations system in clear and cloudy sky conditions, compared to temperature calculated using the traditional PRR calibration formulas, and validated with coincident radiosonde temperature measurements in clear and cloudy conditions during both daytime and nighttime.

A new method of absolute temperature measurements

1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Brodskii ◽  
A. V. Savateev
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method

scholarly journals Retrieval of Temperature From a Multiple Channel Pure Rotational Raman-Scatter Lidar Using an Optimal Estimation Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayamila Mahagammulla Gamage ◽  
Robert J. Sica ◽  
Giovanni Martucci ◽  
Alexander Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. We present a new method for retrieving temperature from Pure Rotational Raman (PRR) lidar measurements. Our Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) used in this study uses the full physics of PRR scattering and does not require any assumption of the form for a calibration function nor does it require fitting of calibration factors over a large range of temperatures. The only calibration required is the estimation of the ratio of the lidar constants of the two PRR channels (coupling constant) that can be evaluated at a single or multiple height bins using a simple analytic expression. The uncertainty budget of our OEM retrieval includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties, including the uncertainty in the determination of the coupling constant on the temperature. We show that the error due to calibration can be reduced significantly using our method, in particular in the upper troposphere when calibration is only possible over a limited temperature range. Some other advantages of our OEM over the traditional Raman lidar temperature retrieval algorithm include not requiring correction or gluing to the raw lidar measurements, providing a cutoff height for the temperature retrievals that specifies the height to which the retrieved profile is independent of the a priori temperature profile, and the retrieval's vertical resolution as a function of height. The new method is tested on PRR temperature measurements from the MeteoSwiss Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations system in different sky conditions, compared to temperature calculated using the traditional PRR calibration formulas, and validated with coincident radiosonde temperature measurements in clear and cloudy conditions during both day and night time.

New method for temperature measurements of droplets

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Schaller ◽  
S. Wassenberg ◽  
Christo G. Stojanoff
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method

Note: New method for high-space-resolving hotspot electron temperature measurements on Shenguang-III prototype

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 096108
Author(s):  
Kuan Ren ◽  
Zhurong Cao ◽  
Jianjun Dong ◽  
Baozhong Mu ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
New Method ◽  
High Space

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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