Space transfer services as a precursor to space business parks

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V. Smitherman
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Services

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 079-084
Author(s):  
ELIZAVETA SALINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
State University ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
Legal Mechanism

1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia The presented research reveals an approach to the construction of a legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach is based on the application of the principles of legal regulation. The purpose of a work is to determine the existing legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems, identify its drawbacks and propose a new approach to legal regulation to ensure the proper functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach to legal regulation takes into account the specifics of the functioning of payment systems, which consists in the presence of three elements in its activities: institutional, procedural and organizational. These elements reflect the subject structure of the payment system, the process of providing money transfer services by them, and the ways in which payment system entities interact during providing payment services. Each of the elements must be defined within the legal framework of the payment system to ensure its proper functioning. The proposed principles of legal regulation take into account the features of these elements, in particular, the principles are classified into three groups, depending on the element they affect. The paper describes ways to implement the principles in the legal mechanism: the possibility of their direct application, depending on the type of significance of the payment system, is analyzed. It is also concluded that the implementation of the principles in the legal mechanism will reduce the regulatory burden on payment systems by using an approach depending on the level of significance of the payment system. The paper defines the role of the principles, which is that the principles allow to eliminate the legal gaps in the legislation on the national payment system, and prevent the emergence of new gaps.

A refusal to grant access to a grid within the provision of crude oil transfer services as an example of a prohibited abuse of a dominant position in the EU and Polish competition law

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Paweł SZYDŁO
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Effective Competition ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
The Eu

Aim: The paper discusses cases in which a refusal by an energy enterprise to connect other enterprises to the network is treated as a prohibited abuse of the enterprise's dominant position and, equally, will represent behavior prohibited by art. 12 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and by art. 9 par. 2 item 2 of the Competition and Consumer Protection Law as well as legal consequences of such refusal. It is important to pinpoint such cases since the EU sectoral regulation does not provide for obligating any undertakings which manage and operate oil pipelines to enter into contracts with other undertakings such as contracts on connecting into their network or contracts on providing crude oil transfer services. Conditions for accessing oil pipelines and selling their transfer capacities are determined by the owners of the networks: private oil companies in the countries across which the pipelines are routed. These conditions are not governed by the EU law.  Furthermore, the very obligation of connecting other entities to own network by energy undertakings operating in the oil transfer sector in Poland will only arise from generally applicable provisions of the Polish competition law.  Design / Research methods: The purpose of the paper has been reached by conducting a doctrinal analysis of relevant provisions of Polish and EU law and an analysis of guidelines issued by the EU governing bodies. Furthermore, the research included the functional analysis method which analyses how law works in practice. Conclusions / findings: The deliberations show that a refusal to access the network will be a manifestation of a prohibited abuse of a dominant position and will be a prohibited action always when the dominant's action is harmful in terms of the allocation effectiveness. It will be particularly harmful when delivery of goods or services objectively required for effective competition on a lower level market, a discriminatory refusal which leads to elimination of an effective competition on the consequent market, a refusal leading to unfair treatment of consumers and an unjustified refusal. Originality / value of the article: The paper discusses the prerequisites which trigger the obligation to connect entities to own network by energy undertakings operating in the oil transfer sector. The obligation has a material impact on the operations of the oil transmitting undertakings, in particular on those who dominate the market. The regulatory bodies in the competition sector may classify a refusal of access to own network by other enterprises as a prohibited abuse of the dominant position, exposing such undertakings to financial consequences.Implications of the research: The research results presented in the paper may be used in decisions issued by the President of the OCCP and in judgement of Polish civil courts and EU courts. This may cause a significant change in the approach to classifying prohibited practices to prohibited behavior which represent abuse of the dominant position. The deliberations may also prompt the Polish and EU legislator to continue works on the legislation.

scholarly journals Synthetic Logs Generator for Fraud Detection in Mobile Transfer Services

2013 ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystel Gaber ◽  
B. Hemery ◽  
Mohammed Achemlal ◽  
M. Pasquet ◽  
P. Urien
Keyword(s):  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Transfer Services

scholarly journals Development of a Flexible Software Solution for Controlling Unmanned Air Vehicles via the Internet

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniss Brodņevs
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicles ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Transmitter Power ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
Air Vehicles

Abstract Remotely piloted operations of lightweight Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) are limited by transmitter power consumption and are always restricted to Line-of-Sight (LOS) distance. The use of mobile cellular network data transfer services (e.g. 3G HSPA and LTE) as well as long-range terrestrial links (e.g. LoraWAN) makes it possible to significantly extend the operation range of the remotely piloted UAV. This paper describes the development of a long-range communication solution for the UAV telemetry system. The proposed solution is based on (but not restricted to) cellular data transfer service and is implemented on Raspberry Pi under Gentoo Linux control. The goal of the project is to develop a flexible system for implementing optimized redundant network solutions for the Non-LOS remote control of the UAV

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