scholarly journals Vacuum polarization and the geometric phase: Gauge invariance

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Mickelsson
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Geometric Phase ◽  
Vacuum Polarization

scholarly journals DUFFIN–KEMMER–PETIAU THEORY IN THE CAUSAL APPROACH

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. LUNARDI ◽  
B. M. PIMENTEL ◽  
J. S. VALVERDE ◽  
L. A. MANZONI
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Vertex Corrections ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
Scalar Sector ◽  
Natural Way

In this paper we consider the scalar sector of Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau theory in the framework of Epstein–Glaser causal method. We calculate the lowest order distributions for Compton scattering, vacuum polarization, self-energy and vertex corrections. By requiring gauge invariance of the theory we recover, in a natural way, the scalar propagator of the usual effective theory.

Longitudinal contributions to the vacuum polarization in the't Hooft–Veltman gauge

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Mann ◽  
G. McKeon ◽  
S. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Longitudinal Part

The Ward–Takahashi–Slavnov–Taylor (WTST) identities are examined in the 't Hooft–Veltman gauge ∂∙A + λA2 = 0. It is found that gauge invariance implies that there is a contribution to the longitudinal part of the vacuum polarization that is proportional to λ.

On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization

1951 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Polarization

Local Lattice Strain Measurement Using Geometric Phase Analysis of Dark Field Images from Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayhoon Chung ◽  
Guoda Lian ◽  
Lew Rabenberg
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Geometric Phase ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Geometric Phase Analysis ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Abstract Since strain engineering plays a key role in semiconductor technology development, a reliable and reproducible technique to measure local strain in devices is necessary for process development and failure analysis. In this paper, geometric phase analysis of high angle annular dark field - scanning transmission electron microscope images is presented as an effective technique to measure local strains in the current node of Si based transistors.

scholarly journals Gauge invariance, polar coordinates and inflation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akil ◽  
Xi Tong
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Gauge Dependence ◽  
Current Term ◽  
Invariant Current

Abstract We point out the necessity of resolving the apparent gauge dependence in the quantum corrections of cosmological observables for Higgs-like inflation models. We highlight the fact that this gauge dependence is due to the use of an asymmetric background current which is specific to a choice of coordinate system in the scalar manifold. Favoring simplicity over complexity, we further propose a practical shortcut to gauge-independent inflationary observables by using effective potential obtained from a polar-like background current choice. We demonstrate this shortcut for several explicit examples and present a gauge-independent prediction of inflationary observables in the Abelian Higgs model. Furthermore, with Nielsen’s gauge dependence identities, we show that for any theory to all orders, a gauge-invariant current term gives a gauge-independent effective potential and thus gauge-invariant inflationary observables.

scholarly journals A master exceptional field theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bossard ◽  
Axel Kleinschmidt ◽  
Ergin Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Sigma Model ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Abstract We construct a pseudo-Lagrangian that is invariant under rigid E11 and transforms as a density under E11 generalised diffeomorphisms. The gauge-invariance requires the use of a section condition studied in previous work on E11 exceptional field theory and the inclusion of constrained fields that transform in an indecomposable E11-representation together with the E11 coset fields. We show that, in combination with gauge-invariant and E11-invariant duality equations, this pseudo-Lagrangian reduces to the bosonic sector of non-linear eleven-dimensional supergravity for one choice of solution to the section condi- tion. For another choice, we reobtain the E8 exceptional field theory and conjecture that our pseudo-Lagrangian and duality equations produce all exceptional field theories with maximal supersymmetry in any dimension. We also describe how the theory entails non-linear equations for higher dual fields, including the dual graviton in eleven dimensions. Furthermore, we speculate on the relation to the E10 sigma model.

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