scholarly journals Streaked optical pyrometer for proton-driven isochoric heating experiments of solid and foam targets

AIP Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 045220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roycroft ◽  
B. Bowers ◽  
H. Smith ◽  
E. McCary ◽  
F. Aymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Isochoric Heating

scholarly journals Aero-Thermal Design and Testing of Advanced Turbine Blades

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haendler ◽  
D. Raake ◽  
M. Scheurlen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Improved Performance

Based on the experience gained with more than 80 machines operating worldwide in 50 and 60 Hz electrical systems respectively, Siemens has developed a new generation of advanced gas turbines which yield substantially improved performance at a higher output level. This “3A-Series” comprises three gas turbine models ranging from 70 MW to 240 MW for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power generation applications. The first of the new advanced gas turbines with 170 MW and 3600 rpm was tested in the Berlin factory test facility under the full range of operation conditions. It was equipped with various measurement systems to monitor pressures, gas and metal temperatures, clearances, strains, vibrations and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the aero-thermal design procedure of the highly thermal loaded film cooled first stage blading. The predictions are compared with the extensive optical pyrometer measurements taken at the Siemens test facility on the V84.3A machine under full load conditions. The pyrometer was inserted at several locations in the turbine and radially moved giving a complete surface temperature information of the first stage vanes and blades.

ACCURACY OF OPTICAL PYROMETRY IN THE RANGE 800 °C TO 4000 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Secondary Standard ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Optical Pyrometry ◽  
International Temperature Scale ◽  
International Temperature ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
Temperature Standard

A pair of secondary standard tungsten strip lamps have had a luminance temperature – current calibration, in the range 800 °C to 2200 °C, at a number of national laboratories. An analysis of the calibration results confirms estimates of the accuracy of optical pyrometry in the range 800 °C to 2200 °C and supports the extension of these estimates to 4000 °C. The standard deviation uncertainty of optical pyrometry is shown to be about 1 °C at 800 °C rising to 2 °C at 2200 °C and 10 °C at 4000 °C, being about double this for the calibration of commercial pyrometers unless certain described precautions are taken.The reliability of the secondary standard lamps, when used under well-defined conditions, is confirmed and it is shown that they have a standard deviation calibration uncertainty of about 1 °C for the vacuum-type lamps in the range 800 °C to 1500 °C and 2 °C for the gas-filled lamps in the range 1500 °C to 2200 °C. Most of this uncertainty is due to primary standard optical pyrometer calibration errors. Attention is drawn to the fact that a carbon arc fulfills the requirements of a secondary luminance temperature standard at about 3514 °C.Recent determinations of the gold point and the second radiation constant indicate that the 1948 International Temperature Scale is lower than the thermodynamic scale by an amount varying from 0.8 °C at 800 °C to 12 °C at 4000 °C. This is already greater than the calibration errors of optical pyrometry and, in view of the still greater accuracies presaged by photomultipliers, a revision of the International Temperature Scale is suggested.

scholarly journals Carbonization and Treatment the High Temperature Distortion of Thoriated Tungsten Cathode for High Power Electronic Tubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Power ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Thoriated Tungsten ◽  
Distortion Effect ◽  
Different Diameters

A metal mandrel was designed for manufacturing the cathodes of high power electron tube ( Tetrode ) used in broadcasting transmitting tubes type TH558 and CQS200.The cathodes were manufactured in the present work from thoriated tungsten wires ( 2? ThO2- W) with different diameters .These cathodes were carbonized in sequences of processes to determine the carbonization parameters (temperature, pressure, time, current and voltage).Then the carbonized cathodes dimension were accurately measured to determine the deviation due to the high temperature distortion effect at about 1800°C .the distorted cathodes due to the carbonization process was treated when it was subjected inside the vacuum chamber and heat treated again .The carbonized cathode distortions as a function of temperature were measured in the range of (1500°C-1800°C).The temperature was determined using an optical pyrometer and also calculated using Stephan's-Boltzmann relation.

scholarly journals Optical pyrometer based on the gas phase photoacoustic effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangling Meng ◽  
Gerald J. Diebold
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Photoacoustic Effect

A multi-wavelength streaked optical pyrometer for dynamic shock compression measurements above 2500 K

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 033108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Opachich ◽  
R. S. Crum ◽  
M. W. Daene ◽  
E. C. Dutra ◽  
H. N. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Compression ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Multi Wavelength

scholarly journals Formation of Phases in Reactively Sintered TiAl3 Alloy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Andrea Školáková ◽  
Pavel Salvetr ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Tomáš Lovaši ◽  
Pavel Novák
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Preferential Formation ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Equations ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Two Stages

This work highlights new results on the synthesis of the TiAl3 intermetallic phase using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. This method is considered a promising sintering route for intermetallic compounds. It was found that the reactions proceed in two stages. Below the melting point of aluminum, the Ti2Al5 phase forms at 450 °C after long annealing times by a direct solid-state reaction between the aluminum and titanium, and is converted consequently to TiAl3. This is a completely new finding; until now, many authors have believed in the preferential formation of the TiAl3 phase. The second stage, the self-propagating strongly exothermic reaction, proceeds above the melting point of aluminum. It leads to the formation of the TiAl3 phase accompanied by Ti2Al5 and Ti3Al phases. The reaction mechanism was shown in the form of chemical equations, which were supported by calculating Gibbs energy. Reaction temperatures (Tonset, Tmaximum, and Toffset) were determined after induction heating thanks to recording by an optical pyrometer. This finding provides completely new opportunities for the determination of activation energy at heating rates, in which common calorimeters are not able to detect a response or even measure. Now, the whole procedure will become accessible.

Insitugrowth rate measurements during molecular beam epitaxy using an optical pyrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2138-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. SpringThorpe ◽  
T. P. Humphreys ◽  
A. Majeed ◽  
W. T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Optical Pyrometer
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