Analysis of the issues of kantrowitz limit passing by the body, gradually accelerating up to the supersonic speed in the axisymmetric channel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Nalivaychenko
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Axisymmetric Channel

An experimental investigation of a two-layer inviscid shock cap due to blunt-body nose injection

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson R. Baron ◽  
Edgar Alzner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Blunt Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Mass Injection ◽  
Axisymmetric Channel ◽  
Injection Rates

Blunt-body solutions for suspersonic flow usually concern closed body surfaces. This paper reports on an experimental investigation of a two-layer shock cap and indicates the existence of a predictable contact surface separating the layers. The inner layer was generated by injecting air through a contoured axisymmetric channel on a blunt body so as to simulate a hemispherical contact surface in a Mach number 4.8 flow.Results show the existence of the contact surface and the influence of a range of mass-injection rates upon the displacement of the bow shock and contact surface from the body.

Pressure distribution and mass injection effects in the transitional separated flow over a spiked body at supersonic speed

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansop Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Schlieren Technique ◽  
Mass Injection

Pressure distribution and the effect of air injection in the separated flow over a spiked-hemisphere were investigated at a Mach number of 3·3, and Reynolds number around the transitional value. Pressure distribution along the spike as well as over the body was measured in the absence of injection. Air was injected into the separated flow at the spike tip and base and reattachment region through one or more orifices drilled normal to the surface, and the resulting flow patterns were observed using the schlieren technique. The results show that (i) the pressure variation along the spike is similar to a two-dimensional separated flow in the transition régime; and (ii) the mass injection at the spike tip has a strong destabilizing effect regardless of injection rate, while the injection from spike base and reattachment region can be either slightly stabilizing or destabilizing depending on the flow condition.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental of Evaluation of Flow Field Over a Double Delta Wing at Supersonic Speeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2939-2943
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Delta Wing ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Double Delta Wing

Numerical and experimental investigations of flay over double delta wing at supersonic speed are investigated . For numerical simulations , the body geometry is generated using SolidWorks software , mesh is created using Gambit and solution is obtained using Fluent sofivvare . For the experimental studies , stainless steel model is fabricated and tested in the supersonic Mind tunnel at Mach 2.5 at 0 and 5 angle of attack . The results are presented in the present paper

scholarly journals The effect of the initial swirl of the supersonic flow of humid air on the adiabatic wall temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2088 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
A G Zditovets ◽  
N A Kiselev ◽  
S S Popovich ◽  
Yu A Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Adiabatic Wall ◽  
Axisymmetric Channel ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract The paper presents the results of measuring the adiabatic wall temperature of an axisymmetric channel during acceleration of the moist air flow in it to supersonic speed. The initial swirl was imparted to the flow (swirling parameter S = 0.5, 1.0, 2.5). The relative initial humidity (RH) of the flow varied in the range of 10 ÷ 90%. When the flow was accelerated to supersonic speeds, part of the moisture condensed, which influenced the wall temperature. It is shown experimentally that with an increase in the initial moisture content of the flow to certain values, the distribution of the wall temperature for a flow without initial swirl (S = 0) and with swirl with S = 0.5, 1.0 practically coincide. However, from a certain value of RH, the wall temperature in the case of a swirling flow decreases in comparison with a flow without swirling. The maximum decrease in the wall temperature was achieved at RH = 90%. An increase in the initial swirl to S = 2.5 led to a greater decrease in the wall temperature, while the mass air flow through the channel decreased by 26% at an identical pressure drop.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Flagellar Attachment in Selected Trypanosomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
J. J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flagellar Pocket ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Free Flagellum ◽  
Flagellar Axoneme

Movement in epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of trypanosomes is accomplished by planar sinusoidal beating of the anteriorly directed flagellum and associated undulating membrane. The flagellum emerges from a bottle-shaped depression, the flagellar pocket, opening on the lateral surface of the cell. The limiting cell membrane envelopes not only the body of the trypanosome but is continuous with and insheathes the flagellar axoneme forming the undulating membrane. In some species a paraxial rod parallels the axoneme from its point of emergence at the flagellar pocket and is an integral component of the undulating membrane. A portion of the flagellum may extend beyond the anterior apex of the cell as a free flagellum; the length is variable in different species of trypanosomes.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

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