The effect of vitamin C, vitamin E, glutation and zink combination on the number of sertoli and leydig cells: Pre-clinical test in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conita Yuniarifa ◽  
Joko Wahyu Wibowo ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN ANTARA EFEK PEMBERIAN VITAMIN C DAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA TIKUS WISTAR (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) JANTAN SETELAH DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Giovani Sitohang ◽  
Benny Wantouw ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Gaseous components of cigarette smoke have a potential to generate free radicals that can damage sperm. Vitamin C is water soluble and vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is effective in dealing with free radicals. The aim of this research was to look at the differences between the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on spermatozoa quality of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: This research used a completely randomized experimental design. The sample of the research were 15 male wistar rats which were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. group P0 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette without giving vitamin C and vitamin E, group P1 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette and vitamin C 1,8 mg / day and group P2 was given exposure to smoke from 2 bars of cigarette and vitamin E 1,44 mg / day. The treatment was given for 52 days. Results: The results of this research showed an increasing spermatozoa quality of group P1 and P2 compared with the group P0. The mean concentration of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (78,78x106/ml) and group P2 (123,13 x106/ml). The mean motility of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (72,00%) and group P2 (80,25%). The mean of normal morphology of spermatozoa obtained on group P1 (67,63%) and group P2 (74,00%). Conclusion: The conclusion from this research showed that there is a difference between spermatozoa quality of group treated with vitamin C and vitamin E after exposure to cigarette smoke, with vitamin E had an higher average on spermatozoa quality.Keywords: cigarette smoke, vitamin C, vitamin E, the quality of spermatozoaAbstrak: Latar Belakang: Komponen gas dari asap rokok berpotensi untuk menimbulkan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak spermatozoa. Vitamin C yang larut dalam air dan vitamin E yang larut dalam lemak merupakan antioksidan yang efektif dalam mengatasi radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan efek antara pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan setelah diberi paparan asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 15 tikus wistar jantan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok P0 yang mendapat perlakuan paparan asap rokok 2 batang tanpa pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E, kelompok P1 dengan perlakuan pemaparan asap rokok 2 batang dan vitamin C 1,8 mg/hari dan kelompok P2 dengan perlakuan pemaparan asap rokok 2 batang dan vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 52 hari. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa kelompok P1 dan P2 dibandingkan dengan kelompok P0. Rata-rata konsentrasi spermatozoa kelompok P1 didapatkan (78,78x106/ml) dan kelompok P2 (123,13 x106/ml). Rata-rata motilitas spermatozoa kelompok P1 (72,00%) dan kelompok P2 (80,25%). Rata-rata morfologi normal spermatozoa kelompok P1 (67,63%) dan kelompok P2 (74,00%). Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan kualitas spermatozoa antara pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E setelah pemaparan asap rokok, dengan vitamin E memiliki rata-rata kualitas spermatozoa lebih tinggi.Kata kunci: asap rokok, vitamin C, vitamin E, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals Perbedaan efek pemberian tunggal vitamin E dengan pemberian kombinasi vitamin e dan zink terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus Norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis A.H. Silalahi ◽  
Grace L.A. Turalaki ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Smoking can increase free radicals in sperm, which can damage sperm. Vitamin E as non-enzymatic antioxidant and zinc as enzymatic antioxidant that is effective in dealing with free radicals. The aim of this research was to look at the differences between the effects of vitamin E and zinc on spermatozoa quality of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after exposure to cigarette smoke. The research used a completely randomized experimental design. Samples were 9 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group was given exposure to cigarette smoke from 2 bars of cigarette/day, which treatment group (P1) also was given vitamin E 1,44 mg/day and treatment group (P2) also was given combination of vitamin E 1,44 mg/day and zinc 10 mg/day. The treatment was given for 50 days. The results of this research showed a significant difference in the motility and morphology of spermatozoa between the treatment group (P1) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and vitamin E and treatment group (P2) which received exposure to cigarette smoke and combination of vitamin E and zinc (p<0,05) compared with the group which received exposure only cigarette smoke without vitamin E or zinc. The motility of spermatozoa treatment group (P2) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and combination vitamin E and zinc was found significant difference with the treatment group (P1) which received exposure the cigarette smoke and vitamin E (p <0,05). Conclusion: The conclusion from this research showed that there is difference between spermatozoa quality especially motility and morphology of group treated with vitamin E and combination of vitamin E and zinc after exposure to cigarette smoke, with combination of vitamin E and zinc had an higher average on spermatozoa quality especially motility.Keywords: vitamin E, zinc, cigarette smoke, quality of spermatozoa Abstrak: Merokok dapat menyebabkan peningkatan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak sperma. Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan non enzimatis dan zink sebagai antioksidan enzimatis merupakan antioksidan yang efektif dalam mengatasi radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan efek antara pemberian vitamin E dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan setelah diberi paparan asap rokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak legkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 9 tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok tikus diberi paparan asap rokok 2 batang / hari dimana kelompok perlakuan (P1) juga diberi vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) diberi kombinasi vitamin E 1,44 mg/hari dan zink 10 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 50 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan (P1) dengan perlakuan paparan asap rokok dan vitamin E dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) dengan perlakuan paparan asap rokok dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink dibandingkan dengan kelompok control (P0) yang hanya mendapat paparan asap rokok (p<0,05). Motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan (P2) didapati hasil yang berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (P1) (p<0,05). Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan signifikan kualitas spermatozoa yaitu pada motilitas dan morfologi antara pemberian tunggal vitamin E dan kombinasi vitamin E dengan zink setelah pemaparan asap rokok, dengan kombinasi vitamin E dan zink memiliki rata-rata kualitas spermatozoa lebih tinggi khususnya motilitas.Kata kunci: vitamin E, zink, asap rokok, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Antioxidant Combination on Caspase-3 Expression in Wistar White Rat Pulmonum Contusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Bermansyah ◽  
Gama Satria ◽  
Ahmad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pulmonary Contusion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction.Pulmonary contusions can cause a progressive inflammatory response. Activation of TNF-α cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause pulmonary cell death. Antioxidants can have the potential to neutralize ROS. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant administration in maintaining pulmonary cell function in wistar rats that have been induced to experience pulmonary contusions through caspase-3 levels. Methods.This study was an in vivo experimental study conducted on thirty male wistar rats and divided into five groups (n = 6): control, pulmonary contusion + asthaxanthine 5 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 50 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 100 mg/kgBW, pulmonary contusion + vitamin C and E 200 mg/kgBW. The value of Caspase-3 is evaluated by the IHC. All data analyzes used SPSS 18. Results. Low doses of antioxidants have the potential to reduce pulmonary cell death in wistar rats induced by pulmonary contusions.Conclussion. Vitamin C and E effective to reduce polmonary cell death in pulmonary contusion.Keywords: antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E, pulmonary contusions animal model, apoptosis, caspase-3

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Combined and Separated Antioxidant Supplementation of Vitamin C and E on Semen Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Amina Benabbou ◽  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Ali Saeed Alchalabi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Male reproductive functions could be affected at multiple levels due to dia-betes mellitus. Antioxidants vitamins have direct impact on improving male reproductive capacity. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of treat-ment with vitamin C and E in the case of whether diabetes mellitus is the cause of infertility or if infertile men suffer from diabetes by inducing diabe-tes on male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each: a normoglycemic control. Other four groups were given a single dose of streptozotocin, and divided into: diabetic control, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E by gavage during 30 consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized, sacrificed to evaluate body and reproductive organ weights, plasma hormone levels, and semen quality. Compared to normoglycemic animals, diabetic rats showed reduced body weight (211.33 ± 8.70gr) and epididymis (1.35 ± 0.10 gr). The testis weight (3.10 ± 0.14 gr) and sperm count (2.72 ± 4.61 x 106) were maintained. A reduction of LH and testosterone levels (0.10 ± 0.00, and 0.25 ± 0.12) respec-tively. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the final body and epididy-mis weights, hormonal levels, and sperm count among diabetes vitamins treated groups as compared to the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups. Diabetes mellitus induces adverse effects on reproductive capacity. Antioxidant vitamins C and E improves sperm quality and increases hormonal levels.

ASTAXANTHIN MENGHAMBAT PENURUNAN JUMLAH SEL LEYDIG DAN KADAR TESTOSTERON PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN ASAP ROKOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Andrew Lie ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
L.P. Iin Indrayani Maker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background. The exposure of cigarette smoke impacts negatively on Leydig cell count and testosterone level. Astaxanthin is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals far more potent than any other kind of antioxidant. Research objectives. This research aims to prove the effect of Astaxanthin in inhibiting decrease of Leydig cell count and testosterone level in male Wistar rats exposed with cigarette smoke. Methodology. The posttest only control group study design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats, 12-16 weeks in age, with 200-210 grams body weight. Samples were randomly divided into two groups, consisting of a control group exposed with cigarette smoke and 0.5 ml of aquadest and a study group exposed with cigarette smoke and 0.1 mg of astaxanthin/200 gr BW daily for 30 days. On day 31, blood samples were taken to measure the testosterone level. Both testes were taken for Leydig cells count assessment. Comparative analysis was done to see any significant difference between the study and control group. Research results. The results show that the mean number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in the study group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion. Oral astaxanthin administration inhibited the decrease of Leydig cell count and testosterone level in male Wistar rats exposed with cigarette smoke. Key words: Astaxanthin, Testosterone, Leydig Cell, Andropause

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Mahkota Dewa pada Gambaran Histopatologi Paru Tikus Putih yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
NGURAH BAGUS RADITYA SRI DAMAR ◽  
JANTO POERNOMO HADI ◽  
EDIJONO EDIJONO ◽  
TROEF SOEMARNO
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
White Male ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lung Histopathology ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Smoking is a bad habit for health. There are many dangerous components inside a cigarette. The smoke that comes out from the cigarette contains many harmful components. Smoking and getting exposed to cigarette smoke in a long period of time can cause inflammatory response on respiratory tract. Mahkota dewa leaf contains beneficial biological component, such as <em>flavonoid</em>, <em>alkaloid</em>, and<em>saponin </em>that have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and many others.</p><p><strong>Aim :</strong>The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of administration of mahkota dewa leaf (<em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em>) extract onlung histopathology in white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) exposed to cigarette smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods : </strong>This research is a true laboratory experimental research using <em>Post-Test Only Control Group Design</em>. The subject in this research were 30 male Wistar Rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) which were divided into 4 groups, a group without given any treatment (K-), a group where they only getting exposed to cigarette smoke (K+), a group where they exposed to cigarette smoke and given mahkota dewa leaf extract at 1500 mg/kgBW/day dose (Eg1), and the group exposed to cigarette smoke and a mahkota dewa leaf extract at a 2500 mg/kgBW/day dose (Eg2).</p><p><strong>Result            : </strong>1.) There was a significant difference on lung histopathology between K- and K+, Eg1, and Eg2. 2.) There was no significant difference on lung histopathology between K+, Eg1 and Eg2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion : </strong>Exposure to 5 cigarette smoke in 21 days caused lung histopathology changes. However, there was no effect of the administration of mahkota dewa leaves extract at 1500 mg/kgBW/day and 2500 mg/kgBW/day on lung histopathology of white male Wistar rats exposed to 5 cigarette smoke in 21 days.</p><p><strong>Keyword : </strong><em>Phaleria macrocarpa leaf, </em>Flavonoid, Alkaloid, cigarette smoke, inflammatory response, Infiltration of Inflammatory cells.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh madu terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pretty P. Makasenda ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan ◽  
Grace L.A. Turalaki
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Cigarettes are composed of hazardous chemicals such as nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide (CO) to name a few. In just a single puff of a cigarette, there are 1014 free radical molecules also known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that can cause sperm damage. Various natural ingredients native to Indonesia were found to contain various antioxidants, one of them is honey. The effects of honey as antioxidant may protect body cells in neutralizing free radicals caused by smoking and reducing the damage to spermatozoa cell that is caused by ROS and thereby avoiding the declining quality of spermatozoa. This study aimed to determine the effect of honey on the quality of spermatozoa of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been exposed to cigarette smoke. Subjects of this study were nine male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) randomly divided into three groups weighing 150-200 g with the age range of 12-14 weeks. Each group of mice was given exposure to the smoke of 2 cigarettes a day in which the treatment group (P1) is also given 0.5 ml of honey per day, and the treatment group (P2) honey 1 ml / day. The results showed that honey treatment can improve concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by exposure to cigarrets smoke. Occurred a significant difference of concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa group given only the exposure to cigarette smoke and the group given exposure to cigarette smoke and honey. This results showed that 1 ml of honey per day could improve the quality of spermatozoa.Keywords: honey, cigarrets smoke, spermatozoa Abstrak: Rokok mengandung bahan kimia yang berbahaya, yaitu nikotin, tar dan gas karbon monoksida (CO). Dalam satu kali hisapan rokok terdapat 1014 molekul radikal bebas atau Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang dapat merusak spermatozoa. Berbagai bahan alam asli Indonesia banyak mengandung antioksidan, salah satunya pada madu. Efek madu sebagai antioksidan dapat melindungi sel-sel tubuh termasuk menetralisir radikal bebas yang disebabkan oleh rokok dan mengurangi kerusakan sel spermatozoa yang disebabkan oleh ROS sehingga menghindari menurunnya kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh madu terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok. Subjek penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok secara acak dengan berat badan 150-200 gram dan berumur 12-14 minggu. Masing-masing kelompok tikus diberi paparan asap rokok 2 batang / hari dimana kelompok perlakuan (P1) juga diberi madu 0.5 ml / hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P2) diberi madu 1 ml / hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian madu dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan asap rokok. Terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna dari konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa kelompok yang hanya diberi paparan asap rokok dan kelompok yang diberi paparan asap rokok dan madu. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa madu 1 ml / hari dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa. Kata kunci: madu, asap rokok, spermatozoa

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Calcitriol terhadap Kadar Limfosit pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar Jantan yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Jordy Oktobiannobel ◽  
Hetti Rusmini ◽  
Retno Ariza Soeprihatini Soemarwoto ◽  
Syafa’atun Malihah
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The health impact for active and passive smokers is damage to the organs and respiratory tract. The body organs initially experience inflammation which increases the number of white blood cells, one of which is an increase in lymphocytes. One of the efforts to reduce the damage caused free radical by cigarette smoke is by consuming Calcitriol. Objective: To determine the effect of presenting Calcitriol on lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This type of research is a pure experimental (true-experiment) using a pre and post-test research design with a control group design to check lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). 24 rats were divided into 6 groups simultaneously. Random, namely the control group 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), group 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), placebo control group (exposed to cigarette smoke and given olive oil), treatment 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol with a dose of 0.25 µgr / head), treatment 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 0.5 µgr / head) and treatment 3 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 1 µgr / head). Results: Paired t-test lymphocyte levels showed evidence that stated (p <0.05) in the K2 group (p = 0.014), the K3 group (p = 0.049), the P1 group (p = 0.012) and the P3 group (0.001) . Meanwhile, group K1 (p = 0.115) and group P2 (p = 0.066) had no statistical difference. Conclusion: Calcitriol administration can reduce lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Oral administration of Bali Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) extract prevented the reduction of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Kandy Rosa Ismalia ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
Ni Putu Sriwidyani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Excessive exercise cause a deterioration of organ function and structure. Overtraining will cause reduce antioxidant reserve and excess free radical production. In this condition, there will be a decrease in the number of Leydig cells in the testis and followed by a decrease in testosterone level. Bali robusta coffee extract contains active compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols. This study aims to prove whether Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) can prevent a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training. Methods: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (placebo aquabidest 2 ml) and the treatment group (Bali robusta coffee extract of 1 gram/kg BW). Both groups received excessive physical training in the form of swimming until the subjects experienced fatigue for 21-days. Results: The results showed that the mean of Leydig cell number in the treatment group was significantly higher, which was 3.70 ± 0.89 cell/field of view, compared to the control group, which was 2.92 ± 0.65 cell/field of view (p = 0.005). The mean testosterone level in the treatment group was also significantly higher, which was 6.32 ± 0.21 nmol/ml, compared to the control group, which was 1.95 ± 0.32 nmol/ml (p < 0.001).     Conclusion: The administration of Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) prevented a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training.

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