Radar resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization for measurement of atomic oxygen in non-equilibrium pulsed plasmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (20) ◽  
pp. 203301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gragston ◽  
Jordan Sawyer ◽  
Steven F. Adams ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Zhili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Pulsed Plasmas ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization studies in atomic oxygen

1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 4220-4228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Dixit ◽  
D. A. Levin ◽  
B. V. McKoy
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Multiphoton Ionization

Application of analytical electron microscopy to studies of equilibrium and non-equilibrium segregation in materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1214-1215
Author(s):  
Edward A Kenik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Solute Atoms ◽  
Equilibrium Segregation ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Segregation of solute atoms to grain boundaries, dislocations, and other extended defects can occur under thermal equilibrium or non-equilibrium conditions, such as quenching, irradiation, or precipitation. Generally, equilibrium segregation is narrow (near monolayer coverage at planar defects), whereas non-equilibrium segregation exhibits profiles of larger spatial extent, associated with diffusion of point defects or solute atoms. Analytical electron microscopy provides tools both to measure the segregation and to characterize the defect at which the segregation occurs. This is especially true of instruments that can achieve fine (<2 nm width), high current probes and as such, provide high spatial resolution analysis and characterization capability. Analysis was performed in a Philips EM400T/FEG operated in the scanning transmission mode with a probe diameter of <2 nm (FWTM). The instrument is equipped with EDAX 9100/70 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Gatan 666 parallel detection electron energy loss spectrometry (PEELS) systems. A double-tilt, liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder was employed for microanalysis in order to minimize contamination under the focussed spot.

Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Bellac ◽  
Fabrice Mortessagne ◽  
G. George Batrouni
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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