scholarly journals Compensation of x-ray mirror distortion by cooling temperature control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hand ◽  
Hongchang Wang ◽  
Maria Harkiolaki ◽  
Federica Venturini ◽  
Rosa Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooling Temperature

Automated pressure and temperature control apparatus for x‐ray powder diffraction studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. C. So ◽  
S. M. Gruner ◽  
E. Shyamsunder
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Control Apparatus

Disposable Heater Strips for High Temperature Powder Diffractometer Furnaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
H.W. King ◽  
E.A. Payzant ◽  
M.B. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Resistance Heating ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Surface Degradation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Commercial Resistance

AbstractCommercial resistance heating and thermocouple materials specified for use in air at temperatures up to 1200°C were examined as possible alternatives to Pt-Rh for use as heater strips in high temperature x-ray diffractometer furnaces. Tests in air at 1150°C, showed that Chromel oxidized excessively, Nichrome oxidized moderately, while Kanthal was very slightly oxidized. Nichrome and Kanthal strips were sufficiently ductile to fabricate into strip heaters. The thickness of the Kanthal strip had to be reduced to 0.020 mm to match its resistance to the power and temperature control software of the high temperature diffractometer. Heater strips made from Nichrome proved effective, in terms of resistance to grain growth and surface degradation by adhesive liquid phases, at temperatures up to 1000°C, while Kanthal was effective up to 1150°C. The relatively low costs of these materials also make them viable as disposable heaters for use with chemically reactive or strongly adherent materials.

A near-ambient-temperature-control cell for use with synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Cernik ◽  
S. R. Craig ◽  
K. J. Roberts ◽  
J. N. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Free Rotation ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotator Phase ◽  
Better Than

A low-cost cell has been designed and built for synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies of materials with low melting points. The cell has been operated between 253 and 323 K with a temperature stability of better than 0.1 K. The construction of the cell allows free rotation of the sample during a scan in order to maximize the number of powder grains in the reflecting position. The cell has been used to study a transition from an ordered to a rotator phase in hexadecane occurring at 278 K and the results from that study are reported.

A simple and inexpensive capillary furnace for variable-temperature X-ray diffraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lavigueur ◽  
E. Johan Foster ◽  
Vance E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Target Temperature ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Geometry

An inexpensive capillary furnace has been developed for variable-temperature X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry of air-stable liquid crystals and other materials. It offers temperature control with fluctuations of less than ±1 K in the range of interest for these samples, from room temperature to near 573 K. Phases can be accessed through heating or cooling with no significant overshooting of the target temperature. The furnace is designed to fit on a classical goniometer, and can be controlled by any standard temperature controller. The simple design of this furnace means that it is both inexpensive to build and easy to operate.

New Temperature Control Apparatus for X-ray Experiments

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
N. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Control Apparatus

scholarly journals Inelastic X-ray scattering with 0.75 meV resolution at 25.7 keV using a temperature-gradient analyzer

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ishikawa ◽  
David S. Ellis ◽  
Hiroshi Uchiyama ◽  
Alfred Q. R. Baron
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analyzer Crystal ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Ray Scattering

The use of temperature-gradient analyzers for non-resonant high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering is investigated. The gradient compensates for geometrical broadening of the energy resolution by adjusting the lattice spacing of the analyzer crystal. Applying a ∼12 mK temperature gradient across a 9.5 cm analyzer, resolutions of 0.75 (2) meV FWHM at 25.7 keV for Si(13 13 13) and 1.25 (2) meV at 21.7 keV for Si(11 11 11) were measured, while retaining large (250 mm) clearance between the sample position and detector, and reasonable (9.3 mrad × 8.8 mrad) analyzer acceptance. The temperature control and stability are discussed.

scholarly journals Study on Optimization of Temperature Control Measures for Structure Concrete of Arc Dam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaofang Ma ◽  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Shouxun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Arch Dam ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Cooling Temperature

As the gate pier bracket of an arch dam are of complex structure which is characterized by use of high-grade concrete and more cement, higher adiabatic temperature rise, it is rather difficult to control temperature and vulnerable for cracking, and the cracks would absolutely affect the integrity, endurance and safety of pier gate bracket. It is necessary to take reasonable temperature control measures to reduce temperature stress during the construction and prevent cracking. This paper takes the gate pier bracket at the middle-hole dam section to perform simulation analysis of temperature field and stress field under different temperature control measures by 3D FEM. It proves that such measures as densifying water pipes, improving Phase I target cooling temperature appropriately, reducing Phase I cooling temperature falling variation and keeping insulation in low-temperature season can help reduce temperature stress and prevent cracking with good results.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of X-ray induced heating of microcrystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J Warren ◽  
Danny Axford ◽  
Robin L Owen
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Validation Tool

AbstractTemperature control is a key aspect of macromolecular crystallography, with the technique of cryocooling routinely used to mitigate X-ray induced damage. Beam induced heating could cause the temperature of crystals to rise above the glass transition temperature, greatly increasing the rate of damage. X-ray induced heating of ruby crystals 20-40 microns in size has been quantified non-invasively by monitoring the emission wavelengths of X-ray induced fluorescence during exposure to the X-ray beam. For beamsizes and dose-rates typically used in macromolecular crystallography the temperature rises are of order 20 K. The temperature changes observed are compared with models in the literature and can be used as a validation tool for future models.SynopsisX-ray induced heating of micro-crystals is quantified through the temperature-dependent shift in X-ray induced fluorescence from ruby crystals.

Temperature Control System for Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gravatt ◽  
G. W. Brady ◽  
J. L. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering
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