scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis of glycerol ester hydrolyzed coconut oil fatty acid and lauric acid as emulsifier and antimicrobial compound

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sangadah ◽  
S. Handayani ◽  
S. Setiasih ◽  
S. Hudiyono
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Glycerol Ester

In vitro ruminal methane suppression by lauric acid as influenced by dietary calcium

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Machmüller ◽  
C. R. Soliva ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fiber Fermentation

The effect of Ca supplementation on the methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid was investigated in an experiment based on a 2 × 2-factorial arrangement using the in vitro system Rusitec. Additional Ca was supplemented at 1 g kg-1 diet in the form of compounds of relatively low solubility in rumen fluid. Lauric acid (C12:0), the predominant effective medium-chain fatty acid in coconut oil, was added at a level of 50 g kg-1. Adding C12:0 did not affect bacterial count, but eliminated ciliate protozoa from fermenters. Ammonia concentration in fermentation mixture declined and volatile fatty acid pattern changed with C12:0. The apparent degradation rate of total organic matter was not altered by C12:0, but fiber fermentation was depressed (P < 0.001). Effects of Ca on microbial counts and fermentation characteristics remained low. Without additional Ca, C12:0 reduced the average daily methane release (mmol g-1 organic matter degraded) by 76%. In comparison, C12:0 only reduced methane production by 47% when additional Ca was included in the diet (interaction of C12:0 and Ca, P < 0.05). The present results suggest that the dietary content of soap-forming Ca has to be kept low in order to achieve a high methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid. Key words: Methane, lauric acid, lipids, calcium, Rusitec, ruminants

scholarly journals LRH-1 NUTRIGENOMICS: The Provision of Lauric Acid Results in the Endogenous Production of the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Ligand, Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, and LRH-1 Transactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Klatt ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
OV Malysheva ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
B. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe unusual phosphatidylcholine species, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), has been reported to bind and activate the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). To date, DLPC has not been reported endogenously in metabolomic databases.ObjectiveHerein, we test the hypothesis that the provision of the acyl constituent of DLPC, lauric acid (C12:0), a saturated fatty acid rich in tropical oils such as coconut oil, will 1) result in endogenous DLPC production and 2) enhance LRH-1 transcriptional activity.MethodsWe measured DLPC following provision of C12:0 to HepG2 cells, C57/BL6J mice, and to healthy human participants in an acute, randomized, controlled cross-over trial. LRH-1fl/fl and LRH-1fl/fl Albumin-Cre mice were used in ex vivo and in vivo approaches. to assess the impact of C12:0 on LRH-1 target gene expression. 1-13C-lauric acid and methyl-d9-choline were used to assess DLPC production dynamics.ResultsDLPC was not observed in any C12:0-free approach. Provision of C12:0 in the culture media or to C57/BL6J mice resulted in the rapid production of DLPC, including DLPC’s presence in multiple LRH-1 expressing tissues. Coconut oil-fed human participants exhibited DLPC in postprandial serum samples. Ex vivo and in vivo C12:0 provision resulted in increased mRNA expression of LRH-1 target genes, an effect that was not observed in hepatic knockout mice. Methyl-d9-choline administration revealed a complex reliance on CDP-choline-derived DLPC.ConclusionC12:0 provision results in endogenous production of the LRH-1 ligand, DLPC, and LRH-1 transcriptional activation phenotypes. Our findings highlight pleiotropic effects of lauric acid, a common hypercholesterolemic dietary saturated fatty acid, secondary to LRH-1 agonism.

scholarly journals Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Coconut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L) is an economically important monocot plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Coconut oil is stored in a solid endosperm and has 47.48–50.5% fatty acid component as lauric acid (C12:0). Present research showed that acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (FatA/B) and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LAAPT) are key enzymes determining medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in coconut oil. Among five CnFatB genes, CnFatB3 expressed specifically in endosperm and in vitro experiment showed that this gene made mainly lauric acid (C12:0) and tetradecenoic acid (C14:1). Overexpression of CnFatB3 in Arabidopsis increased the amounts of C12:0 and C14:0 in transgenic plant. CnLPAAT gene that is expressed specifically in coconut endosperm showed a preference for using acyl-CoAs containing C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 acyl groups as acyl-donor substrates. Coconut and oil palm are closely related species with approximately 50% lauric acid (C12:0) in their endosperm. The two species have a close evolutionary relationship between predominant gene isoforms and high conservation of gene expression bias in the lipid metabolism pathways. Moreover, since no stable transformation system has been constructed in coconut palm, gene function validations have been done in vitro, or genes transformed into a heterologous system.

scholarly journals Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jansen Silalahi ◽  
Lida Karo Karo ◽  
Siti Morin Sinaga ◽  
Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition  in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of  virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity Measurement System for Various Heat Transfer Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Yunita Anggraini ◽  
Alfriska O. Silalahi ◽  
Inge Magdalena Sutjahja ◽  
Daniel Kurnia ◽  
Sparisoma Viridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Heat Conducting

Accurate measurement of the thermal conductivity of a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is important for optimizing the performance of a thermal energy storage system. Herein, we develop a system to measure the thermal conductivity of an HTF during temperature variation, and the system was checked to measure several samples comprising water, lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and coconut oil. The thermal conductivity was measured using a KS-1 sensor of a KD2 Pro analyzer. In the study, a static heat conducting medium was used to control the temperature of the fluid, instead of the commonly used flowing water bath. The measured thermal conductivities of water (298 to 318 K) and lauric acid (323 to 373 K), stearic acid (358 to 372 K), oleic acid (334 to 372 K), and coconut oil (298 to 363 K) were compared to data from previous studies and fitted to available models. The accuracy of the data is further analyzed by relating the number of C and H atoms in the fatty acid, and the fatty acid content in coconut oil.

scholarly journals Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Amino Acid Content of Coconut Endosperm of Selected Coconut Cultivars in Thailand

CORD ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Wilaiwan Twishsri
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil

The nutritive values of tropical fruits like coconut are of interest to consumers and useful for the breeding program. The two experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first experiment aimed to determine the essential and non-essential amino acid content of liquid and solid endosperm of potential market varieties of coconut such as young tender nut of Aromatic Green Dwarf (Nam Hom) and mature nut of hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK). Among the 18 kinds of amino acids, the significant differences were found on Aspatic acid, Cystine, Serine, Isoleucine, and Phenylalanine content while highly significant differences were found on Histidine and Methionine content. The second experiment aimed to determine the fatty acid composition of virgin coconut oil of 20 coconut accessions from the coconut field gene bank of Thailand at Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre. The result showed that there were significant differences on the eight fatty acid compositions. Among the eight fatty acids, lauric acid is the most noted one by consumers and it was found that lauric acid content in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was excellent  (lauric acid > 48.8%) and the mean of lauric aicd content among the eight varieties had no significant difference at 5% level by DMRT. These varieties include including Renell Tall,  Chumphon Hybrid No. 2, Malayan Yellow Dwarf, Sawi Hybrid No.1 (MAWA), Hybrid Chumphon 60, Thai Red Dwarf, Sri Lanka Tall, and Hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK) with the lauric acid content at  51.0, 50.1, 49.3, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 48.9, and 48.8%, respectively. These varieties, therefore, were suitable for VCO processing since they have high lauric content.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of resistant starch type V (RS5) from manggu cassava starch (Manihot esculenta)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
D.N. Faridah ◽  
I. Andriani ◽  
Z.A. Talitha ◽  
F.S. Budi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Modified Tapioca Starch ◽  
Type V

Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for digestive tracts. Starch isolated from cassava showed characteristics required to produce resistant starch type 5 (RS5). In this study, we modified tapioca starch through the gelatinization process with the addition of palm oil, coconut oil, stearic acid and lauric acid with 3 treatments, i.e. concentration (1) 10%, (2) 20% and (3) 30%. The result of study showed that modification of starch can decrease starch digestibility, increase levels of resistant starch and lower amylose levels. The analysis using X-Ray diffraction, strearic acid 30% had the peak at 7.5°, 22° and 24°. Peak 7.5° was a amylose-lipid complex as RS5. The profile of starch gelatinization using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) showed that the addition of fatty acid can decrease the value of breakdown, setback, and peak viscosity. These results indicates modification of tapioca starch with fatty acid (stearic acid or lauric acid) can form amylose-lipid complex (RS5).

scholarly journals Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Viswanathan Saraswathi ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Thiyagarajan Gopal ◽  
Saumya Bhatt ◽  
Weilun Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat

Coconut oil, rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), in particular, lauric acid (LA), is known to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Although LA is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in coconut oil, the specific role of LA in altering obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of supplementing a high fat (HF) diet with purified LA on obesity-associated metabolic derangements in comparison with palmitic acid (PA), a long-chain saturated fatty acid. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control chow diet (CD) or an HF diet supplemented with 3% LA (HF + LA) or PA (HF + PA) for 12 wk. Markers of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, systemic insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic steatosis, were assessed. The body weight and total fat mass were significantly higher in both HF + LA and HF + PA diet-fed groups compared to CD controls. However, the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in HF + LA-fed mice compared to both CD as well as HF + PA-fed mice. Interestingly, markers of AT inflammation were promoted to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed mice compared to HF + PA-fed mice. Thus, immunohistochemical analysis of VAT showed an increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 staining in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice compared to CD controls. Further, the mRNA levels of macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly higher in HF + PA-fed mice (p < 0.001) whereas these markers were increased to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed group. Of note, the insulin tolerance test revealed that IR was significantly increased only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed group compared to CD controls. While liver triglycerides were increased significantly in both HF + PA and HF + LA-fed mice, liver weight and plasma markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that although both LA and PA increased AT inflammation, systemic IR, and liver injury, the extent of metabolic derangements caused by LA was less compared to PA in the setting of high fat feeding.

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