Flame retardancy and curing characteristic determination for different flame retardant incorporated with unsaturated polyester composites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmah Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Syahrun Mahmud ◽  
Mohd Nurazzi Norizan ◽  
Raja Roslan Raja Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Polyester Composites

Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate, montmorillonite, and zinc borate

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 47180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengwei Jiang ◽  
Yunshu Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Qingwu Zhang ◽  
Bujun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Polyester Composites

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4731
Author(s):  
Lina Yue ◽  
Junfei Li ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Yingjuan Sun ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intercalation Complex ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Intercalation Complexes ◽  
Synergistic Agent ◽  
Micro Morphology

Organic modified kaolinite-urea intercalation complex (KUIC) was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the precursor of kaolinite intercalation. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, as a synergistic agent, KUIC was combined with flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin. A cone calorimeter (CONE) was used to study its flame retardancy and smoke suppression, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the micro morphology of the char and flame retardant mechanism. The results show that 12 phr of APP and 3 phr of KUIC were doped into UP to obtain a 28.0% limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. Compared with UP, the heat release rate and smoke production of UP/APP/KUIC composites were greatly decreased. Meanwhile, KUIC indeed enhanced the mechanical properties of UP.

scholarly journals Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Noha Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Angela Daniela La Rosa ◽  
Ahmed Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

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