Application of fuzzy equivalence relations in clustering of variables that affect the volume of construction activity

This chapter assesses how works of praise valued urban buildings and layouts, and places this type of praise into the context of a boom in construction activity in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries which changed the visage of many cities. It explores some of the built structures that dominate panegyric, like circuit walls, gates, and towers. Religious infrastructure is also central to these works of praise, but they are examined in Chapter 3 and so here we look primarily at ‘secular’ buildings. The chapter will finally consider how urban panegyric engaged with the development of cities as they crystallized into metropolises and asserted their political function as centres of public power both within wider polities (as ‘quasi-capital’ cities) and as autonomous entities in their own right.

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Equivalence relations among inequalities for some relative operator entropies

Positivity ◽

10.1007/s11117-020-00745-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 1503-1518

Author(s):

Ismail Nikoufar ◽

Maryam Fazlolahi

Keyword(s):

Equivalence Relations

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Fundamental relations and identities of fuzzy hyperalgebras

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-210994 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Narjes Firouzkouhi ◽

Abbas Amini ◽

Chun Cheng ◽

Mehdi Soleymani ◽

Bijan Davvaz

Keyword(s):

Universal Algebra ◽

Equivalence Relation ◽

Polynomial Function ◽

Equivalence Relations ◽

Fundamental Relation ◽

Term Function ◽

Biological Phenomena ◽

Definition Of

Inspired by fuzzy hyperalgebras and fuzzy polynomial function (term function), some homomorphism properties of fundamental relation on fuzzy hyperalgebras are conveyed. The obtained relations of fuzzy hyperalgebra are utilized for certain applications, i.e., biological phenomena and genetics along with some elucidatory examples presenting various aspects of fuzzy hyperalgebras. Then, by considering the definition of identities (weak and strong) as a class of fuzzy polynomial function, the smallest equivalence relation (fundamental relation) is obtained which is an important tool for fuzzy hyperalgebraic systems. Through the characterization of these equivalence relations of a fuzzy hyperalgebra, we assign the smallest equivalence relation α i 1 i 2 ∗ on a fuzzy hyperalgebra via identities where the factor hyperalgebra is a universal algebra. We extend and improve the identities on fuzzy hyperalgebras and characterize the smallest equivalence relation α J ∗ on the set of strong identities.

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Digitalization as a Strategic Means of Achieving Sustainable Efficiencies in Construction Management: A Critical Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5040

Author(s):

Bahareh Nikmehr ◽

M. Reza Hosseini ◽

Igor Martek ◽

Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽

Jurgita Antucheviciene

Keyword(s):

Capital Investment ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Complex Activity ◽

Firm Level ◽

Construction Firms ◽

Business Results ◽

Management Protocol ◽

Construction Firm ◽

Construction Activity ◽

Multiple Skills

Construction is a complex activity, characterized by high levels of capital investment, relatively long delivery durations, multitudinous risks and uncertainties, as well as requiring the integration of multiple skills delivering a huge volume of tasks and processes. All of these must be coordinated carefully if time, cost, and quality constraints are to be met. At the same time, construction is renowned for performing poorly regarding sustainability metrics. Construction activity generates high volumes of waste, requires vast amounts of resources and materials, while consuming a significant proportion of total energy generated. Digitalization of the construction workplace and construction activities has the potential of improving construction performance both in terms of business results as well as sustainability outcomes. This is because, to put it simply, reduced energy usage, for example, impacts economic and “green” performance, simultaneously. Firms tinkering with digitalization, however, do not always achieve the hoped-for outcomes. The challenge faced is that a digital transition of construction firms must be carried out at a strategic level—requiring a comprehensive change management protocol. What then does a digital strategy entail? This study puts forward an argument for the combined economic and sustainability dividends to be had from digitizing construction firm activities. It outlines the requirements for achieving digitalization. The elements of a comprehensive digitalization strategy are cataloged, while the various approaches to developing a digitalization strategy are discussed. This study offers practitioners a useful framework by which to consider their own firm-level efforts at digitalization transition.

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Query Optimization in the Databases Distributed by Means of Product Equivalence Relations

Fundamenta Informaticae ◽

10.3233/fi-1988-11303 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 241-265

Author(s):

W. Marek ◽

C. Rauszer

Keyword(s):

Query Optimization ◽

Selection Process ◽

Distributed Databases ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Equivalence Relations ◽

Database Operations ◽

By Products

In this paper, we address the problem of query optimization in distributed databases. We show that horizontal partitions of databases, generated by products of equivalence relations, induce optimization techniques for the basic database operations (i.e., the selection, projection, and join operators). In the case of selection, our method allows for restriction of the number of blocks to be searched in the selection process and subsequent simplification of the selection formula at each block. For the natural join operation, we propose an algorithm that reduces the computation of fragments. Proofs of the correctness of our algorithms are also included.

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