scholarly journals Absolute calibration of a time-resolved high resolution x-ray spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility (invited)

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 10F125
Author(s):  
Lan Gao ◽  
B. F. Kraus ◽  
K. W. Hill ◽  
M. Bitter ◽  
P. Efthimion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Absolute calibration of the continuum x-ray spectrometer (ConSpec) at the National Ignition Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. P12009-P12009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. MacDonald ◽  
B. Kozioziemski ◽  
A.G. MacPhee ◽  
M.B. Schneider ◽  
J. Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Continuum

scholarly journals Using time-resolved penumbral imaging to measure low hot spot x-ray emission signals from capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 10G111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Bishel ◽  
B. Bachmann ◽  
A. Yi ◽  
D. Kraus ◽  
L. Divol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Penumbral Imaging

Transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite: anin situinvestigation on the kinetics and mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Vu ◽  
S. Shaw ◽  
L. G. Benning
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Stage Process

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanisms of the transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite (FH) to hematite (HM), in the presence of Pb at elevated temperatures and high pH condition, were elucidated using synchrotron-based,in situenergy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). The time-resolved diffraction data indicated that HM crystallization occurred via a two-stage process. Based on the EDXRD data, combined with high-resolution electron microscopic images, an aqueous-aided 2D growth mechanism is proposed for both HM crystallization stages.

Small-angle scattering: a view on the properties, structures and structural changes of biological macromolecules in solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel H. J. Koch ◽  
Patrice Vachette ◽  
Dmitri I. Svergun
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Structure Factor ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angle Scattering

1. Introduction 1482. Basics of X-ray and neutron scattering 1492.1 Elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a single electron 1492.2 Scattering by assemblies of electrons 1512.3 Anomalous scattering and long wavelengths 1532.4 Neutron scattering 1532.5 Transmission and attenuation 1553. Small-angle scattering from solutions 1563.1 Instrumentation 1563.2 The experimental scattering pattern 1573.3 Basic scattering functions 1593.4 Global structural parameters 1613.4.1 Monodisperse systems 1613.4.2 Polydisperse systems and mixtures 1633.5 Characteristic functions 1644. Modelling 1664.1 Spherical harmonics 1664.2 Shannon sampling 1694.3 Shape determination 1704.3.1 Modelling with few parameters: molecular envelopes 1714.3.2 Modelling with many parameters: bead models 1734.4 Modelling domain structure and missing parts of high-resolution models 1784.5 Computing scattering patterns from atomic models 1844.6 Rigid-body refinement 1875. Applications 1905.1 Contrast variation studies of ribosomes 1905.2 Structural changes and catalytic activity of the allosteric enzyme ATCase 1916. Interactions between molecules in solution 2036.1 Linearizing the problem for moderate interactions: the second virial coefficient 2046.2 Determination of the structure factor 2057. Time-resolved measurements 2118. Conclusions 2159. Acknowledgements 21610. References 216A self-contained presentation of the main concepts and methods for interpretation of X-ray and neutron-scattering patterns of biological macromolecules in solution, including a reminder of the basics of X-ray and neutron scattering and a brief overview of relevant aspects of modern instrumentation, is given. For monodisperse solutions the experimental data yield the scattering intensity of the macromolecules, which depends on the contrast between the solvent and the particles as well as on their shape and internal scattering density fluctuations, and the structure factor, which is related to the interactions between macromolecules. After a brief analysis of the information content of the scattering intensity, the two main approaches for modelling the shape and/or structure of macromolecules and the global minimization schemes used in the calculations are presented. The first approach is based, in its more advanced version, on the spherical harmonics approximation and relies on few parameters, whereas the second one uses bead models with thousands of parameters. Extensions of bead modelling can be used to model domain structure and missing parts in high-resolution structures. Methods for computing the scattering patterns from atomic models including the contribution of the hydration shell are discussed and examples are given, which also illustrate that significant differences sometimes exist between crystal and solution structures. These differences are in some cases explainable in terms of rigid-body motions of parts of the structures. Results of two extensive studies – on ribosomes and on the allosteric protein aspartate transcarbamoylase – illustrate the application of the various methods. The unique bridge between equilibrium structures and thermodynamic or kinetic aspects provided by scattering techniques is illustrated by modelling of intermolecular interactions, including crystallization, based on an analysis of the structure factor and recent time-resolved work on assembly and protein folding.

Combining high time and angular resolutions: time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction using a multi-channel analyser detector

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 970-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeokmin Choe ◽  
Semën Gorfman ◽  
Manuel Hinterstein ◽  
Michael Ziolkowski ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design And Testing

The design and testing of the new MAD-STROBO data acquisition system are reported. The system realizes stroboscopic collection of high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction profiles under a dynamically applied electric field. It synchronizes an externally applied stimulus and detected X-ray photons. The feasibility of detecting sub-millidegree shifts of powder diffraction profiles with microsecond time resolution is demonstrated. MAD-STROBO may be applied for the investigation of various macroscopic and domain-related processes induced by an external perturbation, such as elasticity or piezoelectricity.

scholarly journals Development of a high resolution x-ray spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility (NIF)

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 11E344 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Hill ◽  
M. Bitter ◽  
L. Delgado-Aparicio ◽  
P. C. Efthimion ◽  
R. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Nanoscale heat transport studied by high-resolution time-resolved x-ray diffraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 093032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shayduk ◽  
Hengameh Navirian ◽  
Wolfram Leitenberger ◽  
Jevgenij Goldshteyn ◽  
Ionela Vrejoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Heat Transport

scholarly journals Monoclinic distortion, polarization rotation and piezoelectricity in the ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

IUCrJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeokmin Choe ◽  
Johannes Bieker ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Anthony Michael Glazer ◽  
Pam A. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Polarization Rotation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monoclinic Distortion ◽  
Experimental Findings

The relationship between crystal structure and physical properties in the ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) has been of interest for the last two decades. Originally, the average structure was held to be of rhombohedral (R3c) symmetry with a fixed polarization direction. This has undergone a series of revisions, however, based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction, total neutron scattering, and optical and electron microscopy. The recent experimental findings suggest that the true average symmetry is monoclinic (space group Cc), which allows for a rotatable spontaneous polarization. Neither polarization rotation nor its potentially important real role in enhanced piezoelectricity is well understood. The present work describes an in situ investigation of the average monoclinic distortion in NBT by time-resolved single-crystal X-ray diffraction under external electric fields. The study presents a high-resolution inspection of the characteristic diffraction features of the monoclinic distortion – splitting of specific Bragg reflections – and their changes under a cyclic electric field. The results favour a model in which there is direct coupling between the shear monoclinic strain and the polarization rotation. This suggests that the angle of polarization rotation under a sub-coercive electric field could be 30° or more.

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