scholarly journals The single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager diagnostic on OMEGA

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 10G117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Theobald ◽  
C. Sorce ◽  
M. Bedzyk ◽  
S. T. Ivancic ◽  
F. J. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

First Demonstration of an Acousto-Optically Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser As a Broadband, Time-Resolved Combustion Diagnostic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary E. Loparo ◽  
Kareem Ahmed ◽  
Subith S. Vasu ◽  
Andrey V. Muraviev ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cascade Laser ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Quantum Cascade ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Multiple Species

We provide the first demonstration of an acousto-optically modulated quantum cascade laser (AOM QCL) system as a diagnostic for combustion by measuring nitric oxide (NO), a highly-regulated emission produced in gas turbines. The system provides time-resolved broadband spectral measurements of the present gas species via a single line of sight measurement, offering advantages over widely used narrowband absorption spectroscopy (e.g., the potential for simultaneous multi-species measurements using a single laser) and considerably faster (> 15kHz rates and potentially up to MHz) than sampling techniques which employ FTIR or GC/MS. The developed AOM QCL system yields fast tunable output covering a spectral range of 1725–1930 cm−1 with a linewidth of 10–15 cm−1. For the demonstration experiment, the AOM QCL system has been used to obtain time-resolved spectral measurements of NO formation during the shock heating of mixture of a 10% nitrous oxide (N2O) in a balance of argon over a temperature range of 1245–2517 K and a pressure range of 3.6–5.8 atm. Results were in good agreement with chemical kinetic simulations. The system shows revolutionary promise for making simultaneous time-resolved measurements of multiple species concentrations and temperature with a single line of sight measurement.

Shock Tube Demonstration of Acousto-Optically Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser as a Broadband, Time-Resolved Combustion Diagnostic

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary E. Loparo ◽  
Andrey V. Muraviev ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Arkadiy Lyakh ◽  
Robert E. Peale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cascade Laser ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Quantum Cascade ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Multiple Species

We provide the first demonstration of an acousto-optically modulated quantum cascade laser (AOM QCL) system as a diagnostic for combustion by measuring nitric oxide (NO), a highly regulated emission produced in gas turbines. The system provides time-resolved broadband spectral measurements of the present gas species via a single line of sight measurement, offering advantages over widely used narrowband absorption spectroscopy (e.g., the potential for simultaneous multispecies measurements using a single laser) and considerably faster (>15 kHz rates and potentially up to MHz) than sampling techniques, which employ fourier transform infrared (FTIR) or GC/MS. The developed AOM QCL system yields fast tunable output covering a spectral range of 1725–1930 cm−1 with a linewidth of 10–15 cm−1. For the demonstration experiment, the AOM QCL system has been used to obtain time-resolved spectral measurements of NO formation during the shock heating of mixture of a 10% nitrous oxide (N2O) in a balance of argon over a temperature range of 1245–2517 K and a pressure range of 3.6–5.8 atm. Results were in good agreement with chemical kinetic simulations. The system shows revolutionary promise for making simultaneous time-resolved measurements of multiple species concentrations and temperature with a single line of sight measurement.

scholarly journals Progress on the development of a single line of sight x-ray framing camera

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4054-4056 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Bradley ◽  
J. P. Holder ◽  
C. M. Damian ◽  
K. W. Piston ◽  
P. M. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Framing Camera

Further development of a single line of sight x-ray framing camera

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 2191-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Holder ◽  
K. W. Piston ◽  
D. K. Bradley ◽  
P. M. Bell ◽  
A. K. L. Dymoke-Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Framing Camera

scholarly journals Simultaneous neutron and x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion experiments along a single line of sight at Omega

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 043503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Danly ◽  
T. H. Day ◽  
D. N. Fittinghoff ◽  
H. Herrmann ◽  
N. Izumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Fusion Experiments

scholarly journals The dilation aided single–line–of–sight x–ray camera for the National Ignition Facility: Characterization and fielding

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 10G125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Nagel ◽  
A. C. Carpenter ◽  
J. Park ◽  
M. S. Dayton ◽  
P. M. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited)

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 10G123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Engelhorn ◽  
T. J. Hilsabeck ◽  
J. Kilkenny ◽  
D. Morris ◽  
T. M. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Line ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
X Ray

Microtubule nucleation sequence studied by time-resolved x-ray scattering and electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.

Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Oscillating Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Ron Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microtubules form part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They are hollow libers of about 25 nm diameter made up of 13 protofilaments, each of which consists of a chain of heterodimers of α-and β-tubulin. Microtubules can be assembled in vitro at 37°C in the presence of GTP which is hydrolyzed during the reaction, and they are disassembled at 4°C. In contrast to most other polymers microtubules show the behavior of “dynamic instability”, i.e. they can switch between phases of growth and phases of shrinkage, even at an overall steady state [1]. In certain conditions an entire solution can be synchronized, leading to autonomous oscillations in the degree of assembly which can be observed by X-ray scattering (Fig. 1), light scattering, or electron microscopy [2-5]. In addition such solutions are capable of generating spontaneous spatial patterns [6].In an earlier study we have analyzed the structure of microtubules and their cold-induced disassembly by cryo-EM [7]. One result was that disassembly takes place by loss of protofilament fragments (tubulin oligomers) which fray apart at the microtubule ends. We also looked at microtubule oscillations by time-resolved X-ray scattering and proposed a reaction scheme [4] which involves a cyclic interconversion of tubulin, microtubules, and oligomers (Fig. 2). The present study was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) What is the nature of the oscillations as seen by time-resolved cryo-EM? (b) Do microtubules disassemble by fraying protofilament fragments during oscillations at 37°C?

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