Predictions of asteroid hazard to the Earth for the 21st century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Petrov ◽  
Leonid Sokolov ◽  
Elena Polyakhova ◽  
Kristina Oskina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Asteroid Hazard

scholarly journals Space IT platforms: challenges of the XXI century

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00047
Author(s):  
Vadim Korablyov ◽  
Alexander Zheleznyakov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Near Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Asteroid Hazard ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Near Future

More than half a century of man-in-space exploration not only demonstrated the new manufacturing capabilities of the countries involved in the study of distant and near space, but also presented the main challenges that humanity will face in the exploration of the space in the first half of the 21st century. One of these challenges is the rapid growth in a number of satellites used not only by government structures, but also by private sector. This problem gives rise to another one – ensuring the safety of the satellites flights and contamination of the earth orbit by man-made objects. A particular problem is the growing militarization of the space. There is another natural challenge such as a cometary-asteroid hazard. In the near future, humanity has to answer these challenges. This is important for two reasons. Firstly, only overcoming them, we will be able to continue our expansion in the space. And, secondly, only by solving the encountered problems, we will be able to maintain the stability on the Earth. An important factor for a successful response to the challenges is international cooperation in space, which allows combining the resources of space powers including intellectual potential. In this case, we can rely on the soonest achievement of the set goals. Of course, this will mark new frontiers, which will be a challenge for the next generations.

The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals

2001 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Original Series ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Low Symmetry

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Khomyakov, A. P. (2001). The distribution of minerals in hyper-agpaitic rocks in terms of symmetry: evolution of views on the number and symmetry of minerals. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5176 _______________ Among the unique mineral localities of the Earth the complexes of nepheline syenites with hyper-agpaitic differentiates are of special interest due to their extreme diversity of mineral species. The four best studied complexes of this type – Khibina, Lovozero, Ilímaussaq and Mont Saint-Hilaire – have yielded more than 700 mineral species of which about 200 are new. The great mineral diversity is due to the combination of several factors, the most important of which is the extremely high alkalinity of agpaitic magmas, causing about half of the elements of the periodic table to be concentrated together. Minerals from hyper-agpaitic rocks are characterised by the predominance of highly ordered, low-symmetry crystal structures resulting, in particular, from the markedly extended temperature range of crystallisation. Generalisation of available data for unique mineral localities underpins the hypothesis that there is no natural limit to the number of mineral species. It is predicted that by the middle of the 21st century, the overall number of minerals recorded in nature will exceed 10 000, with the proportion of triclinic species increasing from the present 9% to 14.5%, and that of cubic species decreasing from 10% to 5%.

scholarly journals Long-period changes of the air temperature in Tatarstan and their forecast till the end of the 21st century

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Yuri P. Perevedentsev ◽  
Konstantin M. Shantalinskii ◽  
Boris G. Sherstukov ◽  
Alexander A. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Earth

Long-term changes in air temperature on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the 20th–21st centuries are considered. The periods of unambiguous changes in the surface air temperature are determined. It is established that the average winter temperature from the 1970s to 2017, increased in the Kazan region by more than 3 °C and the average summer temperature increased by about 2 °C over the same period. The contribution of global scale processes to the variability of the temperature of the Kazan region is shown: it was 37 % in winter, 23 % in summer. The correlation analysis of the anomalies of average annual air temperature in Kazan and the series of air temperature anomalies in each node over the continents, as well as the ocean surface temperature in each coordinate node on Earth for 1880 –2017, was performed. Long-distance communications were detected in the temperature field between Kazan and remote regions of the Earth. It is noted that long-period climate fluctuations in Kazan occur synchronously with fluctuations in the high latitudes of Asia and North America, with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Arctic ocean, with fluctuations in air temperature in the Far East, and with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Southern hemisphere in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as air temperature in southern Australia. It is suggested that there is a global mechanism that regulates long-term climate fluctuations throughout the Earth in the considered interval of 200 years of observations. According to the CMIP5 project, climatic scenarios were built for Kazan until the end of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Stoic Theology: Revealing or Redundant?

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Whiting ◽  
Leonidas Konstantakos
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
The Earth

With the notion of advancing a modern Stoic environmental ethical framework, we explore the philosophy’s call to “living according to Nature”, as derived from ancient Stoic theology. We do this by evaluating the orthodox (ancient) viewpoint and the contemporary criticisms levelled against it. We reflect on the atheistic interpretations of Stoicism and their associated call to “live according to the facts”. We consider the limitations that this call has when applied to societal, and particularly non-human matters. We do not undertake this research with the aim of determining which view of Stoic theology is right or wrong. However, we contest one of the assumptions of the heterodox approach, namely that the Stoic worldview is incompatible with modern scientific thinking. Indeed, we demonstrate how Stoic theology, far from being outdated or irrelevant, is actually refreshingly contemporary in that it provides the tools, scope and urgency with which to deliver a far more considerate ethical framework for the 21st century. Finally, we suggest where Stoic theology can help practitioners to reframe and respond to environmental challenges, which we argue forms part of their cosmopolitan obligation to take care of themselves, others and the Earth as a whole.

scholarly journals Secular Variation of Δ14C During the Medieval Solar Maximum: A Progress Report

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Damon ◽  
C. J. Eastoe ◽  
M. K. Hughes ◽  
R. M. Kalin ◽  
A. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Secular Variation ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Schwabe Cycle

The Earth is within the Contemporaneous Solar Maximum (CSM), analogous to the Medieval Solar Maximum (MSM). If this analogy is valid, solar activity will continue to increase well into the 21st century. We have completed 75 single-ring and 10 double-ring measurements from ad 1065 to ad 1150 to obtain information about solar activity during this postulated analog to solar activity during the MSM. δ14C decreases steadily during the period ad 1065 to ad 1150 but with cyclical oscillations around the decreasing trend. These oscillations can be successfully modeled by four cycles. These four frequencies are 1/52 yr-1, 1/22 yr-1, 1/11 yr-1, and 1/5.5 yr, i.e., the 4th harmonic of the Suess cycle, the Hale and Schwabe cycles and the 2nd harmonic of the Schwabe cycle.

scholarly journals “O erro de Heidegger”: do Estado-nação ao lugar como habitar poético

GeoTextos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Marandola Jr
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Modern Subject ◽  
The Earth

<p>Por que ler Heidegger? Por que seu pensamento, marcado de forma irremissível pelo reitorado durante o governo nazista, pode ser fecundo para a Geografia do século XXI, em sua necessidade latente de diversidade e multiplicidade? O argumento do artigo parte da discussão de sua adesão ao nacional-socialismo, suas expectativas e frustração, identificando nesta experiência momento decisivo na direção que seu pensamento toma no que se convencionou chamar de Kehre – viragem. O “erro de Heidegger” é ponderado à luz do efeito produzido em seu pensamento, o que o conduz à linguagem na expectativa de uma outra época do Ser: um futuro que não pode ser buscado, apenas preparado. Este é o caminho da serenidade e da passividade, ao mesmo tempo em que radicaliza a crítica ao sujeito moderno e reconhece a força das estruturas históricas na constituição epocal. Trata-se de um pensamento a caminho, que fomenta uma Geografia menos pretensiosa que dá atenção à Terra, à linguagem e à multiplicidade, abrindo caminho para o lugar e o habitar poético.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p>“HEIDEGGER’S ERROR”: FROM THE NATION-STATE TO PLACE AS POETIC DWELLING</p><p>Why read Heidegger? Why can his thought, marked in an irremissible way by the rectorate during the Nazi government, be fruitful for 21st century geography, in its latent need for diversity and multiplicity? This paper’s argument starts from the discussion of his adherence to National Socialism, his expectations and frustration, identifying in this experience a decisive moment in the direction that his thought takes which was conventionally called Kehre – turning point. “Heidegger’s error” is weighed in the light of the effect produced in his thinking, which leads him to language in the expectation of another time of Being: a future that cannot be sought, only prepared. This is the path of serenity and passivity, while radicalizing the criticism of the modern subject and recognizing the strength of historical structures in the epochal constitution. It is a thought still being shaped, which promotes a less pretentious Geography, that pays attention to the Earth, language and multiplicity, making way for the place and the poetic dwelling.</p>

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