Assessing farmers’ community readiness towards the enhancement of natural enemy population in rice fields in Malacca

Studies on Sympetrum frequens (Odonata : Libellulidae) nymph as a natural enemy of the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis, in rice fields : 2. Evaluation of predatory capacity and efficiency in the laboratory

Medical Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.7601/mez.37.213 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 213-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kenichi URABE ◽

Takaya IKEMOTO ◽

Chujiro AIDA

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemy ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Anopheles Sinensis ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Sympetrum Frequens ◽

Predatory Capacity

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Impact of lambdacyhalothrin on arthropod natural enemy populations in irrigated rice fields in southern Brazil

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758413000192 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 178-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leila Lucia Fritz ◽

Elvis Arden Heinrichs ◽

Vilmar Machado ◽

Tiago Finger Andreis ◽

Marciele Pandolfo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemy ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Irrigated Rice

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The role of biodiversity in the dynamics and management of insect pests of tropical irrigated rice—a review

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s000748530003282x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 567-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 155

Author(s):

M.J. Way ◽

K.L. Heong

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Water Supply ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemy ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Field Size ◽

Stem Borers ◽

Irrigated Rice

AbstractBiodiversity relevant to pest management of tropical irrigated rice pests is discussed in terms of variation within rice plants, rice fields, groups of rice fields and rice associated ecosystems. It is concluded that, in the unique cropping conditions and stable water supply of tropical irrigated rice, the manipulation of a relatively few manageable components of diversity can confer stability such that pests are mostly kept at levels which do not justify the use of insecticides. Durable rice plant resistance, including moderate resistance, together with ability to compensate for damage by certain key pests, are regarded as fundamental to successful biological control by the natural enemy complex. Reliable natural enemy action is also considered to depend on all-year-round continuity of prey or hosts made possible by the relatively short fallow periods between staggered two to three rice crops per year and by proximity of certain non-rice habitats, notably the vegetation-covered bunds (levées) surrounding each field. In contrast, synchronous cropping could upset stability by destroying the continuity needed for natural enemy success. Such conclusions are supported by the experience of farmers who use little or no insecticide. Much evidence on destruction of natural enemies by certain insecticides supports the contention that insecticide use, especially early in the crop season, upsets natural enemy control of insects such as Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and also creates heavy selection pressure for strains of pests that can overcome previously resistant rice cultivars. Such circumstances create outbreaks of secondary pests and impair biological control of some key primary pests such as stem borers. It is concluded that pest management of much tropical irrigated rice must be based on natural controls rarely supplemented by insecticides. The success of this approach depends in particular on further research on dynamics of natural enemy and pest communities in rice ecosystems, especially where climatic conditions and water supply are marginally stable. Much more needs to be known about the nature and utilization of rice plant compensation for damage, particularly by defoliators and stem borers. The justification for, and supplementary use of, insecticides needs to be radically reassessed. There is no evidence that a natural control-based approach, as recommended in this review, is incompat ible with farmer practicability or with future developments in rice production technology, except perhaps the possible mechanization-driven increase in field size which would decrease bund area. In contrast, the insecticide-based approach is not only harmful to natural controls but is costly and mostly demands impracticable decision making by farmers on need-based use.

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