scholarly journals Spin-wave-induced lateral temperature gradient in a YIG thin film/GGG system excited in an ESR cavity

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (21) ◽  
pp. 212401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ei Shigematsu ◽  
Yuichiro Ando ◽  
Sergey Dushenko ◽  
Teruya Shinjo ◽  
Masashi Shiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Spin Wave ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Lateral Temperature

The influence of thin-film boundary conditions on spin-wave spectra

Physica ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Searle ◽  
A.H. Morrish ◽  
R.J. Prosen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Spin Wave ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Film Boundary

Memoirs: The Effect of a Temperature Gradient on the Early Development of the Chick

1928 ◽  
Vol s2-72 (287) ◽  
pp. 419-445
Author(s):  
MARIA A. TAZELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Area Vasculosa ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Lateral Temperature

1. Owing to the difficulty of ascertaining the exact position of the embryo in the egg there was much waste of material. Hens' eggs are not ideal for temperature gradient experiments, for the mean between the temperatures which can be used is below normal incubation temperature. The egg of a cold-blooded animal would be far simpler to deal with. 2. The part most easily affected by a temperature gradient was the area vasculosa and its blood-vessels. This was to be expected, since the size of this extra-embryonic part is not strictly limited; the arrangement of the blood system of the area vasculosa was also modified in some cases. 3. Slight disproportion of parts was effected in some cases. The head was sometimes slightly more developed than the posterior end, and in some cases the posterior limbs were precociously developed. Differences in size between the limb buds on each side also occurred. The ratio of embryo to primitive streak was decreased considerably in the case of two embryos, treated with antagonistic gradients. 4. In some embryos treated with a lateral temperature gradient the somites had become shifted up on the heated side. The greatest effect was obtained in an embryo whose somites of one side alternated with those of the opposite side. It is possible that this condition may be regulated after normal incubation; results, however, were too few for certainty. 5. The numbers used were not sufficient for the conclusive determination of the degree of regulation which experimentally treated embryos underwent. However, all late stages when examined were normal; whether these cases were correctly treated or not it is impossible to say.

Inertial-Convective Subrange Estimates of Thermal Variance Dissipation Rate from Moored Temperature Measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Zhang ◽  
James N. Moum
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Surface Gravity Waves ◽  
Wave Induced

Abstract A procedure for estimating thermal variance dissipation rate χT by scaling the inertial-convective subrange of temperature gradient spectra from thermistor measurements on a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) equatorial mooring, maintained by NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center, is demonstrated. The inertial-convective subrange of wavenumbers/frequencies is contaminated by the vertical motion induced by the pumping of the surface float by surface gravity waves through the local vertical temperature gradient. The uncontaminated signal can be retrieved by removing the part of the measured signal that is coherent with the signal induced by surface gravity waves, which must be measured independently. An estimate of χT is then obtained by fitting corrected spectra to theoretical temperature gradient spectra over the inertial-convective subrange (0.05 < f < 0.5 Hz); this estimate is referred to as χTIC. Here χTIC was calculated over 120-min intervals and compared with estimates of χTo determined by scaling temperature gradient spectra at high wavenumbers (viscous-convective and viscous-diffusive subranges). Large differences up to a factor of 20 and of unknown origin occur infrequently, especially when both background currents and vertical temperature gradients are weak, but the results herein indicate that 75% of the data pairs are within a factor of 3 of each other. Tests on 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-min intervals demonstrate that differences between the two methods are nearly random, unbiased, and less than estimates of natural variability determined from unrelated experiments at the same location. Because the inertial-convective subrange occupies a lower-frequency range than is typically used for turbulence measurements, the potential for more routine measurements of χT exists. The evaluation of degraded signals (resampled from original measurements) indicates that a particularly important component of such a measurement is the independent resolution of the surface wave–induced signal.

Analytical Study of the Thermal and Optical Properties Effect on the Collinear Deflection Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Kuen Tea Park ◽  
Moon G. Lee ◽  
Dae Sik Jeong ◽  
Dong Kwon Kim ◽  
Moo Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Probe Beam ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Property Measurement ◽  
Transparent Materials ◽  
Film Form ◽  
The Ideal

Recently, study of transparent materials, such as thin film form, have an important field for the development of advanced electronic devices. Therefore, the need for the precision thermal property measurement techniques of transparent thin film materials becomes increasing according to the development of these material. The ideal methods for optically measurements of these properties are noncontact method. However, optically measurements are often difficult due to the transparency. So, transparent materials have not enough temperature gradient in the air layer above thin films. To solve this problem, we used the collinear deflection method which is one of the photothermal deflection methods. In the measurement process, both of the pump beam and probe beam are irradiated vertically on the transparent sample. And the probe beam is deflected by refractive index variation of samples due to the temperature gradient inside samples.The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of thermal and optical properties analytically on the collinear deflection method for variable materials.

Electromigration in metals

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Pai ◽  
J. P. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Hole Current ◽  
Reversal Temperature

In bulk and thin film metal samples, a net migration of material may take place when electrical current is passed through the sample at an elevated temperature. The migration is due to the passage of electron (or hole) current, the electrostatic force on the metal ions, and the temperature gradient in the sample. The extent and the direction of net migration has not been predicted satisfactorily by existing theories, leaving many unexplained anomalous experimental results. The present work is the development of a generalized theory that contains the main features of previous theories. It can explain all major experimental observations. Its main features include predictions on the temperature and time dependence of migration, its direction, its reversal temperature, and the approximate sample position that is affected most. The theory has been used to interpret available experimental data on a number of electron- and hole-type metals.

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