scholarly journals Supercavitating flow around high-speed underwater projectile near free surface induced by air entrainment

AIP Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 035016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Xiaocui Wu ◽  
Chenguang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Supercavitating Flow ◽  
Underwater Projectile

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Multiphase Flow CFD Analysis for Journal Bearings in Steam and Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Uhkoetter ◽  
Stefan aus der Wiesche ◽  
Michael Kursch ◽  
Christian Beck
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Two Phase

The traditional method for hydrodynamic journal bearing analysis usually applies the lubrication theory based on the Reynolds equation and suitable empirical modifications to cover turbulence, heat transfer, and cavitation. In cases of complex bearing geometries for steam and heavy-duty gas turbines this approach has its obvious restrictions in regard to detail flow recirculation, mixing, mass balance, and filling level phenomena. These limitations could be circumvented by applying a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach resting closer to the fundamental physical laws. The present contribution reports about the state of the art of such a fully three-dimensional multiphase-flow CFD approach including cavitation and air entrainment for high-speed turbo-machinery journal bearings. It has been developed and validated using experimental data. Due to the high ambient shear rates in bearings, the multiphase-flow model for journal bearings requires substantial modifications in comparison to common two-phase flow simulations. Based on experimental data, it is found, that particular cavitation phenomena are essential for the understanding of steam and heavy-duty type gas turbine journal bearings.

Experimental Investigation of Boundary Layer Instabilities on the Free Surface of Non-Turbulent Jet

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu A. Andre ◽  
Philippe M. Bardet
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Tracking Velocimetry ◽  
Capillary Waves ◽  
Wave Growth ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Surface Visualization ◽  
The Waves

Shear instabilities induced by the relaxation of laminar boundary layer at the free surface of a high speed liquid jet are investigated experimentally. Physical insights into these instabilities and the resulting capillary wave growth are gained by performing non-intrusive measurements of flow structure in the direct vicinity of the surface. The experimental results are a combination of surface visualization, planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). They suggest that 2D spanwise vortices in the shear layer play a major role in these instabilities by triggering 2D waves on the free surface as predicted by linear stability analysis. These vortices, however, are found to travel at a different speed than the capillary waves they initially created resulting in interference with the waves and wave growth. A new experimental facility was built; it consists of a 20.3 × 146.mm rectangular water wall jet with Reynolds number based on channel depth between 3.13 × 104 to 1.65 × 105 and 115. to 264. based on boundary layer momentum thickness.

Characteristics of air entrainment during dynamic wetting failure along a planar substrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vandre ◽  
M. S. Carvalho ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Wetting ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Planar Substrate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stationary Plate

AbstractCharacteristic substrate speeds and meniscus shapes associated with the onset of air entrainment are studied during dynamic wetting failure along a planar substrate. Using high-speed video, the behaviour of the dynamic contact line (DCL) is recorded as a tape substrate is drawn through a bath of a glycerol/water solution. Air entrainment is identified by triangular air films that elongate from the DCL above some critical substrate speed. Meniscus confinement within a narrow gap between the substrate and a stationary plate is shown to delay air entrainment to higher speeds for a wide range of liquid viscosities, expanding upon the findings of Vandre, Carvalho & Kumar (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 707, 2012, pp. 496–520). A pressurized liquid reservoir controls the meniscus position within the confinement gap. It is found that liquid pressurization further postpones air entrainment when the meniscus is located near a sharp corner along the stationary plate. Meniscus shapes recorded near the DCL demonstrate that operating conditions influence the size of entrained air films, with smaller films appearing in the more viscous solutions. Regardless of size, air films become unstable to thickness perturbations and ultimately rupture, leading to the entrainment of air bubbles. Recorded critical speeds and air-film sizes compare well to predictions from a hydrodynamic model for dynamic wetting failure, suggesting that strong air stresses near the DCL trigger the onset of air entrainment.

Competition of roller rotation and horizontal crossflow to control the free surface cusp-induced air entrainment

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 112114
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Panda ◽  
Basanta Kumar Rana ◽  
Parmod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Air Entrainment

Flow over a stepped chute with and without macro-roughness elements

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Kökpinar
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Bubble Frequency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Stepped Chute

High-speed two-phase flows over a 30° stepped flume were experimentally investigated using macro-roughness elements. The roughness elements included combinations of steps and horizontal strips. Local values of air concentration, air bubble frequency, and mean chord lengths were measured by a fiber-optical instrumentation system in the air–water flow region. The range of unit discharge of water was varied from 0.06 to 0.20 m2/s. Three step configurations were studied: (i) without macro-roughness elements, (ii) with macro-roughness elements on each step, and (iii) with macro-roughness elements on each second step (AMR configuration). The results were compared in terms of onset flow conditions and internal air–water flow parameters such as local air concentration, mean air bubble chord length distribution, and air bubble frequency in the skimming flow regime. It was observed that the AMR configuration produced the maximum free-surface aeration among the other configurations. This alternative step geometry has potential for less cavitation damage than conventional step geometry because of the greater air entrainment.Key words: stepped chute, air-entrainment, air-water flow properties, macro-roughness elements, skimming flow.

Practical Evaluation of Steady Flow Resulting from a Free-Surface Pressure Patch

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Francis Noblesse ◽  
Gérard Delhommeau ◽  
Chi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Steady Flows ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
The Green Function

The linearized potential flow resulting from a distribution of pressure that advances at constant speed along a straight path at the free surface of calm water, of effectively infinite depth and lateral extent, is considered. A practical method for evaluating the free-surface elevation caused by the moving free-surface pressure patch—which can be used to model steady flows of air-cushion vehicles, high-speed planing boats, surface-effect ships, and some types of hybrid ships—is given. The key ingredient of this method is a highly simplified analytical approximation to the local-flow component in the expression for the Green function associated with the classic Michell-Kelvin linearized free-surface boundary condition.

A Validation Study of the Mixed-Foil Concept for High-Speed Hydrofoils

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
D. P. Wang ◽  
Young T. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Supercavitating Flow ◽  
The Future

A hydrodynamic validation study of the concept of the mixed foil has been conducted. A mixed foil is a streamlined hydrofoil equipped with a flap or other device which, above a certain speed, can be activated so as to change the flow around the foil into a supercavitating flow. At take-off and at moderate speeds, a mixed foil is operated as a subcavitating foil; at high speeds, it is operated as a supercavitating foil. During high-speed operations, a reduction in the wetted planform area of a mixed foil is proposed. The present study produces a design outline for the mixed foil and identifies essential problems which should be studied in the future. The analysis is illustrated by using hydrofoils with plano-convex sections. The lift-to-drag ratios at takeoff and at 45-knot and 83-knot cruising speeds are obtained.

An Analysis of Heave Added Mass and Damping of a Surface-Effect Ship

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
C. H. Kim ◽  
S. Tsakonas
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Computational Procedures

The analysis presents a practical method for evaluating the added-mass and damping coefficients of a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation. The theoretical added-mass and damping coefficients and the heave response show fair agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Comparisons of the coupled aero-hydrodynamic and uncoupled analytical results with the experimental data prove that the uncoupled theory, dominant for a long time, that neglects the free-surface effects is an oversimplified procedure. The analysis also provides means of estimating the wave elevation of the free surface, the escape area at the stern and the volume which are induced by a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation in otherwise calm water. Computational procedures have been programmed in the FORTRAN IV language and adapted to the PDP-10 high-speed digital computer.

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