Normal stress effects on Knudsen flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 013103
Author(s):  
Byung Chan Eu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Knudsen Flow ◽  
Stress Effects

Analysis of normal stress effects in a squeeze film porous bearing

Wear ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Bujurke ◽  
M. Jagadeeswar ◽  
P.S. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Porous Bearing

scholarly journals Normal stress effects in the gravity driven flow of granular materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Tao Wu ◽  
Nadine Aubry ◽  
James F. Antaki ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Gravity Driven Flow

Increase of Bearing Loads Due to Large Normal Stress Differences in Viscoelastic Lubricants

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Slider Bearings ◽  
Normal Stress Differences ◽  
Bearing Loads

The calculation of increased bearing capacity due to large viscoelastic or normal stress effects is carried out exactly for plane slider bearings with a second-order fluid lubricant.

The Separation of Corrosion and Stress Effects in Stress Corrosion: The Critical Role of Surface Preparation

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. COCKS ◽  
J. F. RUSSO ◽  
S. B. BRUMMER
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure

Abstract The stress corrosion behavior of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (7075) has been investigated. Under certain conditions of surface preparation, corrosion alone is found to cause a major diminution in subsequent stress corrosion life. For example, in 7075 in the T651 temper with an as-machined surface finish, the deleterious effect of corrosion is independent of the application of load during the first 80% of its normal stress corrosion life. Only during the last 20% of the normal stress corrosion period is it necessary to apply a load. It is during this latter period that true stress corrosion, as normally defined, can be said to occur. These observations do not result from residual tensile stresses in the material; rather, they are shown to be due to disruption of the grain boundary structure at the surface by machining. The beneficial effects of shot peening and other mechanical surface treatments probably also derive from similar distortions.

scholarly journals Normal Stress Effects in the Creep of Ice

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (108) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. McTigue ◽  
Stephen L. Passman ◽  
Stephen J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Principal Stress ◽  
Exact Analytical Solution ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Polycrystalline Ice ◽  
Biaxial Creep ◽  
Normal Stress Differences ◽  
Steep Slopes

AbstractMost non-linear fluids for which the appropriate measurements have been made exhibit non-zero and unequal normal stress differences in shearing flows. Power-law models such as Glen’s law cannot represent this phenomenon. The simplest constitutive equation that does embody normal stress effects defines the second-order fluid. An exact analytical solution for biaxial creep of such a fluid is fit to data from four tests on polycrystalline ice. The model gives an excellent representation of both primary and secondary creep. The fits provide values for the three material constants. These coefficients indicate positive first and second normal stress differences. One consequence is the prediction that a steady open-channel flow will exhibit a longitudinal free-surface depression of up to several meters for sufficiently thick ice on steep slopes. In addition, the compressive principal stress at the channel margin is decreased and the tensile principal stress is increased in magnitude over those predicted by models without normal stresses. The normal stresses thus favor the formation of crevasses. Furthermore, the angle these crevasses form with the channel margin is decreased.

scholarly journals On the Significance of Normal Stress Effects in the Flow of Glaciers

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (115) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Sing Man ◽  
Quan-Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Polycrystalline Ice ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Flow Law

AbstractMcTigue and others (1985) identified a possible problem in the type of constitutive equation usually used for modeling the creep behaviour of polycrystalline ice. They pointed out that Glen’s flow law necessarily excludes the consideration of normal stress effects, which are of great significance in other disciplines that consider non-Newtonian fluids. Using the second-order fluid (with material parameters evaluated from laboratory data) as a tentative model for ice, they reached the conclusion that normal stress effects may be discernible in natural glacier flow. But, as noted by McTigue and others, the second-order fluid “fails to represent the non-linear rate dependence of ice in shear”; therefore it is in fact not a suitable constitutive model for glacier ice in shearing flow. In this note, parallel to what McTigue and others did for the second-order fluid, we present a similar analysis for (I) the modified second-order fluid and (II) the power-law fluid of grade 2, both of which are constitutive models recently proposed by Man as a tentative generalization of Glen’s flow law. Both models (I) and (II) can represent normal stress effects, and both agree with Glen’s flow law in the prediction of the depth profile of velocity in the steady laminar flow of glaciers. For ease of comparison, the same creep data of McTigue and others are used in quantifying the material parameters in these two models. Both models (I) and (II) predict far less pronounced normal stress effects in glaciers than those estimated by McTigue and others (whose data analysis in fact suffered from inconsistencies and over-parameterization).

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