scholarly journals Consideration of the respiratory cycle asymmetry in the numerical modeling of the submicron particles deposition in the human nasal cavity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Ganimedov ◽  
M. I. Muchnaya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Cycle Asymmetry

scholarly journals The role of olfactory transport in the penetration of manganese oxide nanoparticles from blood into the brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
A. V. Romashchenko ◽  
M. B. Sharapova ◽  
К. N. Morozova ◽  
E. V. Kiseleva ◽  
K. E. Kuper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

There is no doubt that various nanoparticles (NPs) can enter the brain from the nasal cavity. It is assumed that NPs can penetrate from blood into the central nervous system (CNS) only by breaking the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The accumulation of NPs in CNS can provoke many neurological diseases; therefore, the understanding of its mechanisms is of both academic and practical interest. Although hitting from the surface of the lungs into the bloodstream, NPs can accumulate in various mucous membranes, including the nasal mucosa. Thus, we cannot rule out the ability of NPs to be transported from the bloodstream to the brain through the olfactory uptake. To test this hypothesis, we used paramagnetic NPs of manganese oxide (Mn3O4-NPs), whose accumulation patterns in the mouse brain were recorded using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The effect of intranasal application of endocytosis and axonal transport inhibitors on the brain accumulation patterns of intranasally or intravenously injected Mn3O4-NPs was evaluated. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the transport of Mn3O4-NPs from the nasal cavity to the brain is more efficient than their local permeation through BBB into CNS from the bloodstream, for example with the accumulation of Mn3O4NPs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and through the capture and transport of NPs from the blood by olfactory epithelium cells. Also, experiments with the administration of chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin, inhibitor of the lipid rafts involved in the capture of substances by endothelium cells, showed differences in the mechanisms of NP uptake from the nasal cavity and from the bloodstream. In this study, we show a significant contribution of axonal transport to NP accumulation patterns in the brain, both from the nasal cavity and from the vascular bed. This explains the accumulation of different sorts of submicron particles (neurotropic viruses, insoluble xenobiotics, etc.), unable to pass BBB, in the brain. The results will add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and help studying the side effects of therapeutics administered intravenously.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Odorant Uptake in the Rat Nasal Cavity

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Yang ◽  
P. W. Scherer ◽  
K. Zhao ◽  
M. M. Mozell
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Nasal Cavity

HREM observation of NiO growth on submicron spheres of pure nickel

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
C.M. Teng ◽  
T.F. Kelly ◽  
J.P. Zhang ◽  
H.M. Lin ◽  
Y.W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Oxide Interface ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chromium Alloys

Spherical submicron particles of materials produced by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) atomization have been used to study a variety of materials processes including nucleation of alternative crystallization phases in iron-nickel and nickel-chromium alloys, amorphous solidification in submicron droplets of pure metals, and quasi-crystal formation in nickel-chromium alloys. Some experiments on pure nickel, nickel oxide single crystals, the nickel/nickel(II) oxide interface, and grain boundaries in nickel monoxide have been performed by STEM. For these latter studies, HREM is the most direct approach to obtain particle crystal structures at the atomic level. Grain boundaries in nickel oxide have also been investigated by HREM. In this paper, we present preliminary results of HREM observations of NiO growth on submicron spheres of pure nickel.Small particles of pure nickel were prepared by EHD atomization. For the study of pure nickel, 0.5 mm diameter pure nickel wire (99.9975%) is sprayed directly in the EHD process. The liquid droplets solidify in free-flight through a vacuum chamber operated at about 10-7 torr.

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Lesions: A Frequent Diagnostic Problem

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenophon Kochilas ◽  
Thomas Nikolopoulos ◽  
Theodora Nasiopoulou ◽  
Aikaterini Kiprouli ◽  
Michael Androulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Diagnostic Problem
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