scholarly journals Design of the partial concentrator lens for III-V on Si static concentration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Araki ◽  
Yasuyuki Ota ◽  
Kan-Hua Lee ◽  
Kensuke Nishioka ◽  
Masafumi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Static Concentration

scholarly journals Cellular Pharmacokinetics and Intracellular Activity of the Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor GSK1322322 against Staphylococcus aureus Laboratory and Clinical Strains with Various Resistance Phenotypes: Studies with Human THP-1 Monocytes and J774 Murine Macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5747-5760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Peyrusson ◽  
Deborah Butler ◽  
Paul M. Tulkens ◽  
Françoise Van Bambeke
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peptide Deformylase ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Cellular Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Intracellular Activity ◽  
Static Concentration ◽  
Infected Cells

ABSTRACTGSK1322322 is a peptide deformylase inhibitor active againstStaphylococcus aureusstrains resistant to currently marketed antibiotics. Our aim was to assess the activity of GSK1322322 against intracellularS. aureususing anin vitropharmacodynamic model and, in parallel, to examine its cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular disposition. For intracellular activity analysis, we used an established model of human THP-1 monocytes and tested one fully susceptibleS. aureusstrain (ATCC 25923) and 8 clinical strains with resistance to oxacillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid, or moxifloxacin. Uptake, accumulation, release, and subcellular distribution (cell fractionation) of [14C]GSK1322322 were examined in uninfected murine J774 macrophages and uninfected and infected THP-1 monocytes. GSK1322322 demonstrated a uniform activity against the intracellular forms of allS. aureusstrains tested, disregarding their resistance phenotypes, with a maximal relative efficacy (Emax) of a 0.5 to 1 log10CFU decrease compared to the original inoculum within 24 h and a static concentration (Cs) close to its MIC in broth. Influx and efflux were very fast (<5 min to equilibrium), and accumulation was about 4-fold, with no or a minimal effect of the broad-spectrum eukaryotic efflux transporter inhibitors gemfibrozil and verapamil. GSK1322322 was recovered in the cell-soluble fraction and was dissociated from the main subcellular organelles and from bacteria (in infected cells). The results of this study show that GSK1322322, as a typical novel deformylase inhibitor, may act against intracellular forms ofS. aureus. They also suggest that GSK1322322 has the ability to freely diffuse into and out of eukaryotic cells as well as within subcellular compartments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tobramycin and Ciprofloxacin as a Synergistic Combination Against Hypermutable Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains via Mechanism-Based Modelling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Rees ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
Antonio Oliver ◽  
Roger L. Nation ◽  
Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Static Concentration ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Time Kill

Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have a greatly increased mutation rate and are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections. Initially, we systematically evaluated the time-course of total and resistant populations of hypermutable (PAO∆mutS) and non-hypermutable (PAO1) P. aeruginosa strains in 48-h static concentration time-kill studies with two inocula. Both strains were exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of important antibiotics (aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin) in monotherapy. The combination of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was subsequently assessed in 48-h static concentration time-kill studies against PAO1, PAO∆mutS, and two hypermutable clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Mechanism-based mathematical modelling was conducted to describe the time-course of total and resistant bacteria for all four strains exposed to the combination. With all monotherapies, bacterial regrowth and resistant populations were overall more pronounced for PAO∆mutS compared to PAO1. The combination of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was synergistic, with up to 106.1 colony forming units (CFU)/mL more bacterial killing than the most active monotherapy for all strains, and largely suppressed less-susceptible populations. This work indicates that monotherapies against hypermutable P. aeruginosa strains are not a viable option. Tobramycin with ciprofloxacin was identified as a promising and tangible option to combat hypermutable P. aeruginosa strains.

A Semi-Empirical Parameterization of Interatomic Interactions Based on the Statistical-Thermodynamic Analysis of the Data on Radiation Dif-fraction and Phase Equilibria in F.C.C.-Ni–Fe Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Bokoch ◽  
Valentin A. Tatarenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamic ◽  
Magnetic Contribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Static Concentration ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Semi Empirical

Using both the statistical-thermodynamics methods within the scope of the selfconsistent field approximation and the diffraction data on coherent (or diffuse) scattering of X-rays (or thermal neutrons) from (dis)ordered f.c.c.-Ni–Fe alloys of various compositions, the estimation of interatomic interactions (including their magnetic contribution) and their temperature– concentration dependences were obtained. Based on the static concentration-wave representation, the expressions for configuration free energies of L12-Ni3Fe-type permalloy, L10-NiFe-type elinvar and L12-Fe3Ni-type invar were analyzed, considering explicit expressions for configuration entropies of atomic and magnetic subsystems with their configuration internal energies. Phase diagram of a system at issue was plotted within the field of the presence of f.c.c.-Ni–Fe alloys; their phase boundaries, equilibrium (static) properties near critical points (order parameter, etc.), and possible microstructures developed by composition-controlled magnetic transitions and/or order–disorder constant-composition solid–solid phase transformations were discussed. The obtained results were compared with available experimental data.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Tumor Static Concentration Curves in Combination Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-596
Author(s):  
Tim Cardilin ◽  
Joachim Almquist ◽  
Mats Jirstand ◽  
Alexandre Soselly ◽  
Christiane Amendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Static Concentration ◽  
Concentration Curves

Phase Diagram of a Binary Alloy in the Static Concentration Wave Approximation

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-557
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Gufan ◽  
O. V. Naskalova ◽  
A. I. Grankina ◽  
S. P. Hovyakov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary Alloy ◽  
Concentration Wave ◽  
Wave Approximation ◽  
Static Concentration

New Concepts for Static Concentration of Direct and Diffuse Radiation

1981 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Luque ◽  
J. Eguren ◽  
J. M. Ruiz ◽  
A. Cuevas ◽  
J. del Alamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Static Concentration

Double Sided (D. S.) Solar Cells to Improve Static Concentration

1978 ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Luque ◽  
J. M. Ruiz ◽  
A. Cuevas ◽  
J. Eguren ◽  
M. G. Agost
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Static Concentration
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