Discharge state transition and cathode fall thickness evolution during chromium HiPIMS discharge

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 083507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zuo ◽  
Peiling Ke ◽  
Rende Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Magnus Odén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transition ◽  
Cathode Fall

Characterization of the conditional stationary distribution in Markov chains via systems of linear inequalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1283
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kimura ◽  
Tetsuya Takine
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Stationary Distribution ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Convex Polytope ◽  
Linear Inequalities ◽  
Systems Of Linear Inequalities ◽  
Free Sets ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThis paper considers ergodic, continuous-time Markov chains $\{X(t)\}_{t \in (\!-\infty,\infty)}$ on $\mathbb{Z}^+=\{0,1,\ldots\}$ . For an arbitrarily fixed $N \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ , we study the conditional stationary distribution $\boldsymbol{\pi}(N)$ given the Markov chain being in $\{0,1,\ldots,N\}$ . We first characterize $\boldsymbol{\pi}(N)$ via systems of linear inequalities and identify simplices that contain $\boldsymbol{\pi}(N)$ , by examining the $(N+1) \times (N+1)$ northwest corner block of the infinitesimal generator $\textbf{\textit{Q}}$ and the subset of the first $N+1$ states whose members are directly reachable from at least one state in $\{N+1,N+2,\ldots\}$ . These results are closely related to the augmented truncation approximation (ATA), and we provide some practical implications for the ATA. Next we consider an extension of the above results, using the $(K+1) \times (K+1)$ ( $K > N$ ) northwest corner block of $\textbf{\textit{Q}}$ and the subset of the first $K+1$ states whose members are directly reachable from at least one state in $\{K+1,K+2,\ldots\}$ . Furthermore, we introduce new state transition structures called (K, N)-skip-free sets, using which we obtain the minimum convex polytope that contains $\boldsymbol{\pi}(N)$ .

Spin state and spin state transition of Co 3+ ion in BiCoO 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfa Zhao ◽  
Shu-Chih Haw ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Hu ◽  
Chang-Yang Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin State ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Spin State Transition
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