scholarly journals The role of three-dimensional transport in driving enhanced electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 092110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Dahlin ◽  
J. F. Drake ◽  
M. Swisdak
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electron Acceleration

scholarly journals Effects on magnetic reconnection of a density asymmetry across the current sheet

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2471-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Tanaka ◽  
A. Retinò ◽  
Y. Asano ◽  
M. Fujimoto ◽  
I. Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Current Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Line Structure ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. The magnetopause (MP) reconnection is characterized by a density asymmetry across the current sheet. The asymmetry is expected to produce characteristic features in the reconnection layer. Here we present a comparison between the Cluster MP crossing reported by Retinò et al. (2006) and virtual observations in two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results. The simulation, which includes the density asymmetry but has zero guide field in the initial condition, has reproduced well the observed features as follows: (1) The prominent density dip region is detected at the separatrix region (SR) on the magnetospheric (MSP) side of the MP. (2) The intense electric field normal to the MP is pointing to the center of the MP at the location where the density dip is detected. (3) The ion bulk outflow due to the magnetic reconnection is seen to be biased towards the MSP side. (4) The out-of-plane magnetic field (the Hall magnetic field) has bipolar rather than quadrupolar structure, the latter of which is seen for a density symmetric case. The simulation also showed rich electron dynamics (formation of field-aligned beams) in the proximity of the separatrices, which was not fully resolved in the observations. Stepping beyond the simulation-observation comparison, we have also analyzed the electron acceleration and the field line structure in the simulation results. It is found that the bipolar Hall magnetic field structure is produced by the substantial drift of the reconnected field lines at the MSP SR due to the enhanced normal electric field. The field-aligned electrons at the same MSP SR are identified as the gun smokes of the electron acceleration in the close proximity of the X-line. We have also analyzed the X-line structure obtained in the simulation to find that the density asymmetry leads to a steep density gradient in the in-flow region, which may lead to a non-stationary behavior of the X-line when three-dimensional freedom is taken into account.

scholarly journals Electron acceleration in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection with a guide field

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 100704 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Dahlin ◽  
J. F. Drake ◽  
M. Swisdak
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Guide Field

scholarly journals Role of Z-pinches in magnetic reconnection in space plasmas

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Olshevsky ◽  
Giovanni Lapenta ◽  
Stefano Markidis ◽  
Andrey Divin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Plasmas ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Three Dimensional Configuration

A widely accepted scenario of magnetic reconnection in collisionless space plasmas is the breakage of magnetic field lines in X-points. In laboratory, reconnection is commonly studied in pinches, current channels embedded into twisted magnetic fields. No model of magnetic reconnection in space plasmas considers both null-points and pinches as peers. We have performed a particle-in-cell simulation of magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional configuration where null-points are present initially, and Z-pinches are formed during the simulation along the lines of spiral null-points. The non-spiral null-points are more stable than spiral ones, and no substantial energy dissipation is associated with them. On the contrary, turbulent magnetic reconnection in the pinches causes the magnetic energy to decay at a rate of ~1.5% per ion gyro period. Dissipation in similar structures is a likely scenario in space plasmas with large fraction of spiral null-points.

The Role of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Evaluation of the Sinonasal Mass

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sue Yon Shim ◽  
Ki Joon Sung ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
In Soo Hong ◽  
Myung Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Sinonasal Mass

Electron Acceleration by Magnetic Reconnection During Spherical Tokamak Merging Experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Kamio ◽  
Kotaro Yamasaki ◽  
Koichiro Takemura ◽  
Qinghong Cao ◽  
Takenori G. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Spherical Tokamak

Homogenization and Mass Identity vs. Individual Identity. An Analysis in the Light of the Theory of “The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
The Media

This study tests some hypotheses included in the psycho-social-communicational paradigm, which emphasizes the cognitive effects of the media and the role of the psychosocial subject as the recipient

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

Central ossifying fibroma of mandible

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e239286
Author(s):  
Kumar Nilesh ◽  
Prashant Punde ◽  
Nitin Shivajirao Patil ◽  
Amol Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Ossifying Fibroma ◽  
Mandible Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Osseous Lesion ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare, benign, fibro-osseous lesion of the jawbone characterised by replacement of the normal bone with fibrous tissue. The fibrous tissue shows varying amount of calcified structures resembling bone and/or cementum. The central variant of OF is rare, and shows predilection for mandible among the jawbone. Although it is classified as fibro-osseous lesion, it clinically behaves as a benign tumour and can grow to large size, causing bony swelling and facial asymmetry. This paper reports a case of large central OF of mandible in a 40-year-old male patient. The lesion was treated by segmental resection of mandible. Reconstruction of the surgical defect was done using avascular fibula bone graft. Role of three-dimensional printing of jaw and its benefits in surgical planning and reconstruction are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Charge algebra in Al(A)dSn spacetimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Fiorucci ◽  
Romain Ruzziconi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Dirichlet Boundary ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dirichlet Boundary Conditions ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Asymptotic Symmetry ◽  
Renormalization Procedure ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Odd Dimensions

Abstract The gravitational charge algebra of generic asymptotically locally (A)dS spacetimes is derived in n dimensions. The analysis is performed in the Starobinsky/Fefferman-Graham gauge, without assuming any further boundary condition than the minimal falloffs for conformal compactification. In particular, the boundary structure is allowed to fluctuate and plays the role of source yielding some symplectic flux at the boundary. Using the holographic renormalization procedure, the divergences are removed from the symplectic structure, which leads to finite expressions. The charges associated with boundary diffeomorphisms are generically non-vanishing, non-integrable and not conserved, while those associated with boundary Weyl rescalings are non-vanishing only in odd dimensions due to the presence of Weyl anomalies in the dual theory. The charge algebra exhibits a field-dependent 2-cocycle in odd dimensions. When the general framework is restricted to three-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetimes with Dirichlet boundary conditions, the 2-cocycle reduces to the Brown-Henneaux central extension. The analysis is also specified to leaky boundary conditions in asymptotically locally (A)dS spacetimes that lead to the Λ-BMS asymptotic symmetry group. In the flat limit, the latter contracts into the BMS group in n dimensions.

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