Relationship between the potential energy landscape and the dynamic crossover in a water-like monatomic liquid with a liquid-liquid phase transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 014503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Sun ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
Nicolas Giovambattista
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Liquid Phase Transition ◽  
Potential Energy Landscape ◽  
Dynamic Crossover

scholarly journals Relation between the Widom line and the dynamic crossover in systems with a liquid-liquid phase transition

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (46) ◽  
pp. 16558-16562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
S. V. Buldyrev ◽  
S.-H. Chen ◽  
P. H. Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Transition ◽  
Widom Line ◽  
Dynamic Crossover

scholarly journals Electrically Induced Liquid–Liquid Phase Transition in a Floating Water Bridge Identified by Refractive Index Variations

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Elmar C. Fuchs ◽  
Jakob Woisetschläger ◽  
Adam D. Wexler ◽  
Rene Pecnik ◽  
Giuseppe Vitiello
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Water Bridge ◽  
Liquid Phase Transition ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Floating Water Bridge ◽  
Set Up

A horizontal electrohydrodynamic (EHD) liquid bridge (also known as a “floating water bridge”) is a phenomenon that forms when high voltage DC (kV·cm−1) is applied to pure water in two separate beakers. The bridge, a free-floating connection between the beakers, acts as a cylindrical lens and refracts light. Using an interferometric set-up with a line pattern placed in the background of the bridge, the light passing through is split into a horizontally and a vertically polarized component which are both projected into the image space in front of the bridge with a small vertical offset (shear). Apart from a 100 Hz waviness due to a resonance effect between the power supply and vortical structures at the onset of the bridge, spikes with an increased refractive index moving through the bridge were observed. These spikes can be explained by an electrically induced liquid–liquid phase transition in which the vibrational modes of the water molecules couple coherently.

scholarly journals An energy landscape approach to locomotor transitions in complex 3D terrain

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 14987-14995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan Othayoth ◽  
George Thoms ◽  
Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
3D Terrain ◽  
Potential Energy Landscape

Effective locomotion in nature happens by transitioning across multiple modes (e.g., walk, run, climb). Despite this, far more mechanistic understanding of terrestrial locomotion has been on how to generate and stabilize around near–steady-state movement in a single mode. We still know little about how locomotor transitions emerge from physical interaction with complex terrain. Consequently, robots largely rely on geometric maps to avoid obstacles, not traverse them. Recent studies revealed that locomotor transitions in complex three-dimensional (3D) terrain occur probabilistically via multiple pathways. Here, we show that an energy landscape approach elucidates the underlying physical principles. We discovered that locomotor transitions of animals and robots self-propelled through complex 3D terrain correspond to barrier-crossing transitions on a potential energy landscape. Locomotor modes are attracted to landscape basins separated by potential energy barriers. Kinetic energy fluctuation from oscillatory self-propulsion helps the system stochastically escape from one basin and reach another to make transitions. Escape is more likely toward lower barrier direction. These principles are surprisingly similar to those of near-equilibrium, microscopic systems. Analogous to free-energy landscapes for multipathway protein folding transitions, our energy landscape approach from first principles is the beginning of a statistical physics theory of multipathway locomotor transitions in complex terrain. This will not only help understand how the organization of animal behavior emerges from multiscale interactions between their neural and mechanical systems and the physical environment, but also guide robot design, control, and planning over the large, intractable locomotor-terrain parameter space to generate robust locomotor transitions through the real world.

scholarly journals Two-state thermodynamics and the possibility of a liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled TIP4P/2005 water

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 144504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Singh ◽  
John W. Biddle ◽  
Pablo G. Debenedetti ◽  
Mikhail A. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Transition
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