Analytical solution and optimal design for galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvesters

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (25) ◽  
pp. 253902 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tan ◽  
Z. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Assumed-Modes Formulation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh and Timoshenko Models With Axial Deformations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erturk ◽  
Daniel J. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

Harvesting of vibration energy has been investigated by numerous researchers over the last decade. The research motivation in this field is due to the reduced power requirement of small electronic components such as wireless sensor networks used in monitoring applications. The ultimate goal is to power such devices by using the waste vibration energy available in their environment so that the maintenance requirement for battery replacement is minimized. Among the basic transduction mechanisms that can be used for vibration-to-electricity conversion, piezoelectric transduction has received the most attention due to the large power densities and ease of application of piezoelectric materials. Typically, a piezoelectric energy harvester is a cantilevered beam with one or two piezoceramic layers and the source of excitation is the base motion in the transverse direction. This paper presents general formulations for electromechanical modeling of base-excited piezoelectric energy harvesters with symmetric and asymmetric laminates. The electromechanical derivations are given using the assumed-modes method under the Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh and Timoshenko beam assumptions in three sections. The formulations account for an independent axial displacement variable in all cases. Comparisons are provided against the analytical solution given by the authors for symmetric laminates and convergence of the assumed-modes solution to the analytical solution with the increasing number of modes is shown. Experimental validations are also presented by comparing the electromechanical frequency response functions derived here against the experimentally obtained ones. The electromechanical assumed-modes formulations given here can be used for modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesters with asymmetric laminates as well as those with moderate thickness and varying geometry in the axial direction.

scholarly journals Load Resistance Optimization of a Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Primary Harmonic and Subharmonic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungryong Bae ◽  
Pilkee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Frequency Dependency ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Bistable Energy Harvester

In this study, optimization of the external load resistance of a piezoelectric bistable energy harvester was performed for primary harmonic (period-1T) and subharmonic (period-3T) interwell motions. The analytical expression of the optimal load resistance was derived, based on the spectral analyses of the interwell motions, and evaluated. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical ones. A parametric study shows that the optimal load resistance depended on the forcing frequency, but not the intensity of the ambient vibration. Additionally, it was found that the optimal resistance for the period-3T interwell motion tended to be approximately three times larger than that for the period-1T interwell motion, which means that the optimal resistance was directly affected by the oscillation frequency (or oscillation period) of the motion rather than the forcing frequency. For broadband energy harvesting applications, the subharmonic interwell motion is also useful, in addition to the primary harmonic interwell motion. In designing such piezoelectric bistable energy harvesters, the frequency dependency of the optimal load resistance should be considered properly depending on ambient vibrations.

scholarly journals Power Density Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via a Novel Hybridization Scheme with Electromagnetic Transduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Li ◽  
Chuanfu Xin ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Transduction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Power Densities

A novel hybridization scheme is proposed with electromagnetic transduction to improve the power density of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in this paper. Based on the basic cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (BC-PEH) composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric patch, and a cantilever beam, we replaced the mass block by a magnet array and added a coil array to form the hybrid energy harvester. To enhance the output power of the electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH), we utilized an alternating magnet array. Then, to compare the power density of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH, the experiments of output power were conducted. According to the experimental results, the power densities of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH are, respectively, 3.53 mW/cm3 and 5.14 μW/cm3 under the conditions of 18.6 Hz and 0.3 g. Therefore, the power density of the hybrid harvester is 686 times as high as that of the BC-PEH, which verified the power density improvement of PEH via a hybridization scheme with EMEH. Additionally, the hybrid harvester exhibits better performance for charging capacitors, such as charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 8 V within 17 s. It is of great significance to further develop self-powered devices.

Multimodal pizza-shaped piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110069
Author(s):  
Virgilio J Caetano ◽  
Marcelo A Savi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting from ambient vibration through piezoelectric devices has received a lot of attention in recent years from both academia and industry. One of the main challenges is to develop devices capable of adapting to diverse sources of environmental excitation, being able to efficiently operate over a broadband frequency spectrum. This work proposes a novel multimodal design of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system to harness energy from a wideband ambient vibration source. Circular-shaped and pizza-shaped designs are employed as candidates for the device, comparing their performance with classical beam-shaped devices. Finite element analysis is employed to model system dynamics using ANSYS Workbench. An optimization procedure is applied to the system aiming to seek a configuration that can extract energy from a broader frequency spectrum and maximize its output power. A comparative analysis with conventional energy harvesting systems is performed. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the harvester performances under harmonic and random excitations. Results show that the proposed multimodal harvester has potential to harness energy from broadband ambient vibration sources presenting performance advantages in comparison to conventional single-mode energy harvesters.

Performance analysis of a lever piezoelectric energy harvester for roadway applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110014
Author(s):  
Guangya Ding ◽  
Hongjun Luo ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Guohui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Output Characteristics

A novel lever piezoelectric energy harvester (LPEH) was designed for installation in an actual roadway for energy harvesting. The model incorporates a lever module that amplifies the applied traffic load and transmits it to the piezoelectric ceramic. To observe the piezoelectric growth benefits of the optimized LPEH structure, the output characteristics and durability of two energy harvesters, the LPEH and a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) without a lever, were measured and compared by carrying out piezoelectric performance tests and traffic model experiments. Under the same loading condition, the open circuit voltages of the LPEH and PEH were 20.6 and 11.7 V, respectively, which represents a 76% voltage increase for the LPEH compared to the PEH. The output power of the LPEH was 21.51 mW at the optimal load, which was three times higher than that of the PEH (7.45 mW). The output power was linearly dependent on frequency and load, implying the potential application of the module as a self-powered speed sensor. When tested during 300,000 loading cycles, the LPEH still exhibited stable structural performance and durability.

Modelling of Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxi Zhou ◽  
Junyi Cao ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Chengbin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilevers

A nonlinear magnetic coupling model for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems is proposed in this paper. For the purpose of enhancing harvesting efficiency from wide-spectrum vibrations, a magnetic coupling structure of piezoelectric cantilevers is presented. However, the nonlinear dynamic of broadband piezoelectric energy harvesters could not be adequately described due to complex nonlinear magnetic force. Furthermore, the broken frequency can not be predicted using the designed dimensionless model. In order to solve those issues, the nonlinear magnetic force is established using polynomial equation. Based on Hamilton principle and finite element theory, a nonlinear model of the standard piezoelectric cantilever with magnetic coupling is established. Frequency sweeping experiments with various excitation are carried out. The results show that the output characteristic of the proposed model is approximate to that of experimental system under the same condition, and also their broken frequency is very close.

Model Reduction of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Subject to Band-Limited, Stochastic Base Excitation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Wickenheiser
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
White Noise Excitation ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Band Limited

In many scenarios where vibration energy harvesting can be utilized — particularly those involving bio-motions or environmental disturbances — energy sources are broadband and non-stationary. On the other hand, design procedures have been predominantly developed for harmonic or white noise excitation, specifically for single degree of freedom approximations of the transducer. In this paper, a general approach for design optimization of cantilevered, piezoelectric energy harvesters in the presence of band-limited, white-noise excitation is outlined. For this study, human and vehicular motions are considered; these complex waveforms are distilled into a small set of dominant features with regard to their impact on the power output of the device. Criteria based on modal participation factors, including pre-filtering of the disturbance, are used in guiding the reduction of the input and plant degrees of freedom in order to make the design optimization problem tractable. This process determines the error in assuming a low-order model for the transducer in the presence of broadband noise that may excite multiple modes of vibration. Furthermore, this study considers the quantitative impact of charge cancellation in higher modes and the benefits of inserting multiple electrodes along the length. To illustrate these methods, energy harvesters are designed for acceleration data collected from walking and car idling. It is shown that a simple method that is a generalization of naïve approaches that assume harmonic or white noise excitation and a single degree of freedom can determine which simplifications are appropriate and the inaccuracies that can be expected from them.

Geometric and Material Optimization of Vortex-Induced Vibration Micro Energy Harvesters for Localized Wind Environments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. French ◽  
Colton T. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Wind Velocities

Wind energy capture in today’s environment is often focused on producing large amounts of power through massive turbines operating at high wind speeds. The device presented by the authors performs on the extreme opposite scale of these large wind turbines. Utilizing vortex induced vibration combined with developed and demonstrated piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques, the device produces power consistent with peer technologies in the rapidly growing field of micro-energy harvesting. Vortex-induced vibrations in the Karman vortex street are the catalyst for energy production of the device. To optimize power output, resonant frequency of the harvester is matched to vortex shedding frequency at a given wind speed, producing a lock-on effect that results in the greatest amplitude of oscillation. The frequency of oscillation is varied by altering the effective spring constant of the device, thereby allowing for “tuning” of the device to specific wind environments. While localized wind conditions are never able to be predicted with absolute certainty, patterns can be established through thorough data collection. Sampling of local wind conditions led to the design and testing of harvesters operating within a range of wind velocities between approximately 4 mph and 25 mph. For the extremities of this range, devices were constructed with resonant frequencies of approximately 17 and 163 Hz. Frequency variation was achieved through altering the material composition and geometry of the energy harvester. Experimentation was performed on harvesters to determine power output at optimized fluid velocity, as well as above and below. Analysis was also conducted on shedding characteristics of the device over the tested range of wind velocities. Computational modeling of the device is performed and compared to experimentally produced data.

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