Anomalous rectification in a purely electronic memristor

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (14) ◽  
pp. 143505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingrui Wang ◽  
Ruobing Pan ◽  
Hongtao Cao ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Lingyan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomalous Rectification

Prolonged potentials in gastrointestinal muscles induced by calcium chelation

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. C19-C24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Prosser ◽  
D. L. Kreulen ◽  
R. J. Weigel ◽  
W. Yau
Keyword(s):  
Slow Waves ◽  
Anomalous Rectification ◽  
Calcium Chelation ◽  
Na Ions

When stomach muscles of skate, toad, or frog or intestinal muscle of cat are treated with Ca-free physiological solutions containing 2-5 mM EGTA or EDTA, spontaneous spikes and slow waves disappear reversibly. With continued treatment, depolarization of 25-30 mV from resting potentials of -65 mV occurs and rhythmic prolonged potentials of several seconds duration appear. They show rapid depolarization to near zero and rapid repolarization and they may continue for several hours. The prolonged potentials disappear when Na is replaced by Li, Tris, or choline. They are insensitive to TTX. The EGTA-induced waves are abolished by Mn, Co, La, verapamil, and D 600. After 10-15 min in 5 mM EGTA, voltage-current and abolition of anomalous rectification. It is concluded that when bound Ca is removed by a chelator, nonspecific reduction in resistance occurs and Na ions may enter rhythmically through channels normally used by Ca.

Membrane properties of rat substantia gelatinosa neurons in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoshimura ◽  
T. M. Jessell
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Anomalous Rectification ◽  
Outward Rectification

1. The membrane properties of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in an in vitro adult rat transverse spinal cord slice preparation with attached dorsal root have been examined. Intracellular recordings were obtained from identified SG neurons. 2. Seventy-six percent of SG neurons exhibited a time-dependent anomalous rectification (AR) when the membrane was hyperpolarized from the resting potential. The time-dependent AR was blocked by cesium (Cs+, 2 mM) but not by barium (Ba2+, 2 mM). Application of Cs+ itself caused membrane hyperpolarization in those SG neurons that expressed the time-dependent AR. The activation of the time-dependent AR was maximal at potentials 5-10 mV below the resting membrane potential. 3. In a few SG neurons, the current-voltage relationship revealed a marked inward rectification, even though there was no detectable time-dependent anomalous rectification during hyperpolarization. Analysis of the Ba2+- and Cs+-sensitivity of these neurons confirmed that SG neurons expressed two distinct ARs, one of which is fast and Ba2+-sensitive and the other of which is time-dependent and Ba2+-insensitive. 4. Fifty-one percent of SG neurons exhibited a transient outward rectification when hyperpolarizing current pulses were applied from potentials more positive than -60 mV or when depolarizing pulses were applied from potentials more negative than -65 mV. The transient outward rectification persisted for 0.3-2 s when hyperpolarizing pulses were applied at -55 mV. 5. The transient outward rectification was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance and was enhanced in low K+ solutions. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 2 mM) reversibly blocked the transient outward rectification. 6. The time-dependent anomalous and transient outward rectifying currents exerted opposite effects on the firing properties of SG neurons. Activation of the time-dependent AR increased neuronal excitability. In neurons that exhibited the time-dependent AR, membrane depolarization caused the appearance of a rebound depolarization that resulted in the generation of spikes with only a short delay after application of the depolarizing pulse. In contrast, the transient outward rectifying current markedly delayed spike firing in response to depolarizing pulses. This delay was blocked by application of 4-AP. 7. The diversity in response properties of subpopulations of SG neurons may result in part from this heterogeneity in membrane properties.

scholarly journals Delayed Rectification and Anomalous Rectification in Frog's Skeletal Muscle Membrane

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Nakajima ◽  
Shizuko Iwasaki ◽  
Kunihiko Obata
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Potassium Conductance ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Transient Phenomenon ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Anomalous Rectification ◽  
Potassium Inactivation ◽  
Delayed Rectification ◽  
Current Voltage

Delayed rectification was elicited in frog's skeletal muscles bathed in choline-Ringer's solution, in normal Ringer's solution with tetrodotoxin, in 40 mM Na2SO4 solution with tetrodotoxin, and even in 40 mM K2SO4 solution when the membrane had been previously hyperpolarized. However, after a sustained depolarization current-voltage relations in 40 mM K2SO4 and in 40 mM Na2SO4 solutions revealed a rectifier property in the anomalous direction. This indicates that the increase in potassium conductance which is brought about upon depolarization is a transient phenomenon and is inactivated by a maintained depolarization, and that this potassium inactivation process converts the delayed rectification into the anomalous rectification. In normal Ringer's solution with tetrodotoxin and in the 40 mM Na2SO4 solution with tetrodotoxin the apparent resistance was increased when the membrane was hyperpolarized beyond about -150 mv. This is thought to be due to a decrease of K conductance caused by a strong hyperpolarizing current. In the 40 mM Na2SO4 solution with tetrodotoxin a de- or hyperpolarizing current pulse induced a prolonged depolarizing response. During the early phase of this response the effective resistance was lower, and during the following phase greater than that in the resting fiber. An interpretation in terms of the ionic hypothesis was made of the nature of this response.

Anomalous rectification in rat locus coeruleus neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 417 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smajo S. Osmanović ◽  
Sarah A. Shefner
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Anomalous Rectification
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