scholarly journals The effects of stainless steel radial reflector on core reactivity for small modular reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Kil Kang ◽  
Chang Joo Hah ◽  
Sung Ju Cho ◽  
Ki Bong Seong
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Small Modular Reactor ◽  
Radial Reflector

On the nuclear safety improvement by post-inerting small modular reactor with stainless steel cladding

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 107775
Author(s):  
Alan Matias Avelar ◽  
Marcelo Breda Mourão ◽  
Marcos Maturana ◽  
Claudia Giovedi ◽  
Alfredo Yuuitiro Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Small Modular Reactor

scholarly journals SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF STAINLESS STEEL REFLECTOR FOR VR-1 TRAINING REACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Jan Frybort ◽  
Lubomir Sklenka ◽  
Filip Fejt ◽  
Pavel Suk ◽  
Lenka Frybortova
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
The Core ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Radial Reflector

Pressurized water reactors are typically surrounded in the radial direction by neutron reflectors made from stainless steel and water. These reflectors decrease neutron leakage and provide protection of pressure vessel from fast neutrons damaging its integrity. Such a radial reflector influences multiplication factor of the core and distribution of neutron flux and fission power inside the core. All these effects can be analyzed by full-core simulations using macroscopic constants. Methodology for generation of the macroscopic constants for non-fuel regions will be tested for new stainless steel reflectors at the VR-1 reactor. Rods from SS 304l material will be used for construction of radial reflectors for the VR-1 reactor. They will be design to generate sufficient measurable response in selected core characteristics. The study is focused on core power distribution and reactivity worth of absorbing rods in a VR-1 reactor core. The core typically consists of about 20 IRT-4M fuel assemblies and seven absorbing rods UR-70. Replacing water surrounding the core by several reflector assemblies containing stainless steel will influence leakage and distribution of neutrons inside the core. The current analysis deals with local effects and employs the sensitivity study to discover the nature of reflectors’ impact on the reactor core. These effects were studied even for several past VR-1 reactor core configurations. All calculations were carried out in Serpent2 Monte-Carlo code with various evaluated libraries: ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and JEFF-3.3 data.

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

Comparison of Recovery and Recrystallization in Stainless Steel Following Plane-Wave Shock Loading and Explosive Forming

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Korbonski ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Explosive Forming

Comparison of recovery rates in materials deformed by a unidimensional and two dimensional strains at strain rates in excess of 104 sec.−1 was performed on AISI 304 Stainless Steel. A number of unidirectionally strained foil samples were deformed by shock waves at graduated pressure levels as described by Murr and Grace. The two dimensionally strained foil samples were obtained from radially expanded cylinders by a constant shock pressure pulse and graduated strain as described by Foitz, et al.

Some aspects of the defect structure in an austenitic stainless steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez ◽  
L. Bru
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Total Strain Amplitude ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Density Of Dislocations ◽  
Planar Arrays ◽  
Stacking Fault Tetrahedra ◽  
Distribution Of Dislocations ◽  
Very High

The analysis of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) in fatigued metals (1,2) is somewhat complicated, due partly to their relatively low density, but principally to the presence of a very high density of dislocations which hides them. In order to overcome this second difficulty, we have used in this work an austenitic stainless steel that deforms in a planar mode and, as expected, examination of the substructure revealed planar arrays of dislocation dipoles rather than the cellular structures which appear both in single and polycrystals of cyclically deformed copper and silver. This more uniform distribution of dislocations allows a better identification of the SFT.The samples were fatigue deformed at the constant total strain amplitude Δε = 0.025 for 5 cycles at three temperatures: 85, 293 and 773 K. One of the samples was tensile strained with a total deformation of 3.5%.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

Identification by Electron Microdiffraction of Intermetallic Phases in a Duplex Stainless Steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
A. Redjaïmia ◽  
J.P. Morniroli ◽  
G. Metauer ◽  
M. Gantois
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Electron Microdiffraction

2D and especially 3D symmetry information required to determine the crystal structure of four intermetallic phases present as small particles (average size in the range 100-500nm) in a Fe.22Cr.5Ni.3Mo.0.03C duplex stainless steel is not present in most Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED) patterns. Nevertheless it is possible to deduce many crystal features and to identify unambiguously these four phases by means of microdiffraction patterns obtained with a nearly parallel beam focused on a very small area (50-100nm).From examinations of the whole pattern reduced (RS) and full (FS) symmetries the 7 crystal systems and the 11 Laue classes are distinguished without ambiguity (1). By considering the shifts and the periodicity differences between the ZOLZ and FOLZ reflection nets on specific Zone Axis Patterns (ZAP) which depend on the crystal system, the centering type of the cell and the glide planes are simultaneously identified (2). This identification is easily done by comparisons with the corresponding simulated diffraction patterns.

Precision and bias in quantitative EDS: ASTM results

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1654-1655
Author(s):  
John J. Friel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Alloy ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society ◽  
Takeoff Angle ◽  
Standardless Analysis

Committee E-04 on Metallography of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) conducted an interlaboratory round robin test program on quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The test program was designed to produce data on which to base a precision and bias statement for quantitative analysis by EDS. Nine laboratories were sent specimens of two well characterized materials, a type 308 stainless steel, and a complex mechanical alloy from Inco Alloys International, Inconel® MA 6000. The stainless steel was chosen as an example of a straightforward analysis with no special problems. The mechanical alloy was selected because elements were present in a wide range of concentrations; K, L, and M lines were involved; and Ta was severely overlapped with W. The test aimed to establish limits of precision that could be routinely achieved by capable laboratories operating under real world conditions. The participants were first allowed to use their own best procedures, but later were instructed to repeat the analysis using specified conditions: 20 kV accelerating voltage, 200s live time, ∼25% dead time and ∼40° takeoff angle. They were also asked to run a standardless analysis.

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