scholarly journals Long-term stability assessment of AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors modified with peptides: Device characteristics vs. surface properties

AIP Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 097102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Rohrbaugh ◽  
Isaac Bryan ◽  
Zachary Bryan ◽  
Ramon Collazo ◽  
Albena Ivanisevic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Long-term stability of photodetectors based on graphene field-effect transistors encapsulated with Si3N4 layers

2018 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Zhaohao Zhang ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
Peian Li ◽  
Tao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Long-Term Stability and Reliability of Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors

ACS Nano ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 9543-9549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Yuryevich Illarionov ◽  
Michael Waltl ◽  
Gerhard Rzepa ◽  
Joon-Seok Kim ◽  
Seohee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Real-World Nivolumab Wastage and Leftover Drug Stability Assessment to Facilitate Drug Vial Optimization for Cost Savings

2020 ◽  
pp. JOP.19.00813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Fukudo ◽  
Ryota Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuto Mishima ◽  
Takashi Ono ◽  
Seiji Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Real World ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Drug Wastage

PURPOSE: Nivolumab dosage was initially selected on the basis of body weight, often resulting in leftover drug after sterile compounding. This study sought to investigate the real-world wastage of nivolumab and assess the long-term stability of leftover nivolumab within vials to facilitate drug vial optimization (DVO). METHODS: We collected all discarded vials after preparation from 17 regional hospitals in Japan over a 6-month period preceding the adoption of a fixed dose of 240 mg per administration. The actual amount of waste was measured for each preparation. Stability assessment was performed under different storage conditions. RESULTS: A total of 2,789 100-mg vials and 4,069 20-mg vials were collected. Overall, the drug cost associated with the expenditure of nivolumab alone was $12.1 million, whereas the total cost due to drug wastage was $0.735 million (rate of wastage, 6.1%). Furthermore, the immunoglobulin G concentrations of nivolumab remaining within vials, as well as binding activity to programmed death-1 protein, did not change significantly over 4 weeks of storage at either 4°C or room temperature. CONCLUSION: Significant drug wastage occurs during sterile preparation of nivolumab according to body weight–based dosing. Although nivolumab dosing has been changed to a fixed dose in Japan, body weight–based dosing is still applied in some other countries, as well as in combination therapy with ipilimumab. Our findings regarding the long-term stability of leftover nivolumab within the vials should motivate hospitals to implement DVO for cost savings.

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