The Herbig Ae stars are PMS objects of intermediate mass. Their location in the H-R diagram indicates that they are in the radiative phase of their quasi-static contraction toward the main sequence, i.e. that they do not possess outer convective zones, according to the standard stellar evolution theory (Iben, 1965; Gilliland, 1986). In spite of the expected absence of subphotospheric convective envelopes, these stars show remarkable signs of activity: emission in the Mg II h and k lines, presence of the CIV resonance lines at 1550 A and He I 5875.7 A line, Ca II IR triplet in emission, etc... Considering that stellar activity, witnessed by the same type of indicators in other parts of the H-R diagram, is generally attributed to dynamo magnetic fields and/or acoustic waves generated in the convection zone, these active phenomena are quite paradoxical in the Herbig Ae stars.The main question concerns the origin of their activity: is this activity linked to phenomena occurring within the stars, like e.g. dynamo-generated magnetic fields, or to an external agent, like e.g. a boundary layer between an accretion disk and the stellar surface? We already have some indirect clues that the activity of the Herbig Ae stars might be of magnetic origin (Praderie et al., 1986; Catala et al. 1986) observed a rotational modulation of lines formed in the wind of AB Aur, prototype of the Herbig Ae stars. By analogy with the solar wind, they proposed that the modulation might be due to the corotation of azimuthal structures in the wind, controlled by a surface magnetic field.
Optically induced metal-to-dielectric transition in Epsilon-Near-Zero metamaterials