scholarly journals Thermally activated switching of perpendicular magnet by spin-orbit spin torque

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 072413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Seung Lee ◽  
Seo-Won Lee ◽  
Byoung-Chul Min ◽  
Kyung-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Thermally Activated

scholarly journals Current-induced spin–orbit torques

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1948) ◽  
pp. 3175-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gambardella ◽  
Ioan Mihai Miron
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Proper Material

The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin–orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.

scholarly journals Spin torque due to non-uniform Rashba spin orbit effect

AIP Advances ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 042133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chen ◽  
Mansoor Bin Abdul Jalil ◽  
Seng Ghee Tan
Keyword(s):  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Rashba Spin

scholarly journals In-situ study of oxygen exposure effect on spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co bilayers in ultrahigh vacuum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Xie ◽  
Jiaren Yuan ◽  
Ziyan Luo ◽  
Yumeng Yang ◽  
Yihong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Oxygen Exposure ◽  
Active Debate

AbstractOxygen incorporation has been reported to increase the current-induced spin-orbit torque in ferromagnetic heterostructures, but the underlying mechanism is still under active debate. Here, we report on an in-situ study of the oxygen exposure effect on spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co bilayers via controlled oxygen exposure, Co and Mg deposition, and electrical measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. We show that the oxygen exposure on Pt/Co indeed leads to an increase of spin-orbit torque, but the enhancement is not as large as those reported previously. Similar enhancement of spin-orbit torque is also observed after the deposition of an MgO capping layer. The results of ab initio calculations on the Rashba splitting of Pt/Co and Pt/Co/O suggest that the enhancement is due to enhanced Rashba-Edelstein effect by surface-adsorbed oxygen. Our findings shed some light on the varying roles of oxygen in modifying the spin torque efficiency reported previously.

scholarly journals Nanowire spin torque oscillator driven by spin orbit torques

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Duan ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Brian Youngblood ◽  
Jürgen Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit

scholarly journals Magnified Damping Under Rashba Spin–Orbit Coupling

SPIN ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650002
Author(s):  
Seng Ghee Tan ◽  
Mansoor B. A. Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Coupling ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Local Magnetization ◽  
First Order ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Rashba Spin ◽  
Spin Torques

The spin–orbit coupling spin torque consists of the field-like [S. G. Tan et al., arXiv:0705.3502 (2007).] and the damping-like terms [H. Kurebayashi et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 211 (2014).] that have been widely studied for applications in magnetic memory. We focus, in this paper, not on the spin–orbit effect producing the above spin torques, but on its magnifying the damping constant of all field-like spin torques. As first-order precession leads to second-order damping, the Rashba constant is naturally co-opted, producing a magnified field-like damping effect. The Landau–Liftshitz–Gilbert equations are written separately for the local magnetization and the itinerant spin, allowing the progression of magnetization to be self-consistently locked to the spin.

Spintronics Based on Topological Insulators

SPIN ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1640001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Fan ◽  
Kang L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Spin Injection ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Topological Surface ◽  
A Charge

Spintronics using topological insulators (TIs) as strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) materials have emerged and shown rapid progress in the past few years. Different from traditional heavy metals, TIs exhibit very strong SOC and nontrivial topological surface states that originate in the bulk band topology order, which can provide very efficient means to manipulate adjacent magnetic materials when passing a charge current through them. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the TI-based magnetic spintronics research field. In particular, we focus on the spin–orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization switching in the magnetic TI structures, spin–torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements in the TI/ferromagnet structures, spin pumping and spin injection effects in the TI/magnet structures, as well as the electrical detection of the surface spin-polarized current in TIs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the TI-based spintronics field and its potential applications in ultralow power dissipation spintronic memory and logic devices.

Spin–Orbit Torques in Metallic Magnetic Multilayers: Challenges and New Opportunities

SPIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
John Q. Xiao ◽  
Xin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Magnetic Multilayers ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Practical Applications

Two decades after the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance that revolutionizes the hard disk drive, the rapid development of spin torque-based magnetic random access memory has once again demonstrated the great potential of spintronics in practical applications. While the industrial application is mainly focusing on the implementation of current-induced spin transfer torque (STT) in magnetic tunnel junctions, a new type of spin torque emerges due to the spin–orbit interaction in magnetic multilayers. A great effort has been devoted by the scientific community to study the so-called spin–orbit torque (SOT), which is not only of interest to fundamental science, but also exhibits potential for the application of current-induced magnetization switching. In this paper, we will review recent development in the SOTs including the fundamental understanding, materials development and measurement techniques. We will also discuss the challenges of using the SOT in potential applications, particularly on the switching of perpendicularly magnetized films.

scholarly journals Transverse and Longitudinal Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance for Improved Measurement of Spin-Orbit Torque

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Karimeddiny ◽  
Joseph A. Mittelstaedt ◽  
Robert A. Buhrman ◽  
Daniel C. Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Ferromagnetic Resonance ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Longitudinal Spin
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