Lower limits to metal-semiconductor contact resistance: Theoretical models and experimental data

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. 154516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Baraskar ◽  
A. C. Gossard ◽  
Mark J. W. Rodwell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Semiconductor Contact

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IN NOBLE METALS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M AL-Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Residual Resistivity ◽  
Electron Phonon Scattering

Resistivity temperature – dependence and residual resistivity concentration-dependence in pure noble metals(Cu, Ag, Au) have been studied at low temperatures. Dominations of electron – dislocation and impurity, electron-electron, and electron-phonon scattering were analyzed, contribution of these mechanisms to resistivity were discussed, taking into consideration existing theoretical models and available experimental data, where some new results and ideas were investigated.

Simple theoretical models of elimination reactions on polar catalysts; Dehydration reactivity of secondary alcohols on acidic and basic catalysts

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Sedláček
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohols ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Carbonium Ion ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols ◽  
Basic Catalysts ◽  
Simple Models

CNDO/2 calculations for simple models of adsorption and dehydration reactions of secondary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols on polar catalysts are presented. The models involve selected stages of elimination mechanisms of various types (E1, E2 and E1cB elimination). Calculated quantum chemical quantities were correlated with reported experimental data. It is shown that reactivities for the series of substituted phenylethanols correlate very well with the ease of carbonium ion formation. In the case of aliphatic alcohols, calculated quantities correlate generally with the reactivities on SiO2 and are in anticorrelation with the reactivities on Al2O3.NaOH.

Current Transport in Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic Contacts to GaN and AlGaN

2007 ◽  
Vol 556-557 ◽  
pp. 1027-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Iucolano ◽  
Fabrizio Roccaforte ◽  
Filippo Giannazzo ◽  
A. Alberti ◽  
Vito Raineri
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Specific Contact Resistance ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Current Transport ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Specific Contact

In this work, the structural and electrical properties of Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts on n-type Gallium Nitride were studied. An ohmic behaviour was observed after annealing above 700°C. The structural analysis showed the formation of an interfacial TiN layer and different phases in the reacted layer (AlNi, AlAu4, Al2Au) upon annealing. The temperature dependence of the specific contact resistance demonstrated that the current transport occurs through thermoionic field emission in the contacts annealed at 600°C, and field emission after annealing at higher temperatures. By fitting the data with theoretical models, a reduction of the Schottky barrier from 1.21eV after annealing at 600°C to 0.81eV at 800°C was demonstrated, together with a strong increase of the carrier concentration at the interface. The reduction of the contact resistance upon annealing was discussed by correlating the structural and electrical characteristics of the contacts.

Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Effective Bulk Modulus of a Mixture of Hydraulic Oil and Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Gholizadeh ◽  
Doug Bitner ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Greg Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Pressure Sensitivity ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Effective Bulk Modulus ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Major Factors

It is well known that the presence of entrained air bubbles in hydraulic oil can significantly reduce the effective bulk modulus of hydraulic oil. The effective bulk modulus of a mixture of oil and air as pressure changes is considerably different than when the oil and air are not mixed. Theoretical models have been proposed in the literature to simulate the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of this mixture. However, limited amounts of experimental data are available to prove the validity of the models under various operating conditions. The major factors that affect pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture are the amount of air bubbles, their size and the distribution, and rate of compression of the mixture. An experimental apparatus was designed to investigate the effect of these variables on the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. The experimental results were compared with existing theoretical models, and it was found that the theoretical models only matched the experimental data under specific conditions. The purpose of this paper is to specify the conditions in which the current theoretical models can be used to represent the real behavior of the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. Additionally, a new theoretical model is proposed for situations where the current models fail to truly represent the experimental data.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROUGHNESS FORECASTING MODEL OF COATING OF NON-RIGID ROAD PAVEMENT COATING

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (164) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. Batrakova ◽  
H. Sarkisian ◽  
E. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Over Time

To ensure safe, comfortable driving at high speeds, a strong, even surface is required for the entire life of the pavement. In this regard, the issue of predicting changes in the equality of coverage over time is very important. The article considers the peculiarities of changing the longitudinal equality of the road surface. Purpose is to improve the model of forecasting the equality of non-rigid pavement. Methods – analytical and experimental. The analysis of existing decisions on the issue of forecasting the equality of coverage is performed. The most important factors influencing the change in the equality of road coverage have been identified. Based on the analysis of theoretical models and a number of experimental data, an improved model for predicting the equality of coverage of non-rigid pavement is proposed. MathCAD and MS Excel were involved in the development of an improved model that takes into account the most important factors. The model of change of coverage roughness, where increase in the roughness index over time is considered as a function of such parameters, is improved: the modulus of pavement elasticity (actual or required); the number of load cycles for t years of pavement operation; the share of trucks in the traffic flow; the factor of safety margin of the pavement structure. The adequacy of the developed model of changing the roughness of coverage is confirmed by statistical processing of experimental data obtained by the thesis author and other researchers on public roads with different service life, and calculated data under the theoretical model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated data is more than 0.95, which indicates the adequacy of the developed model. Compared to the well-known models of forecasting coverage roughness, the improved model allows to apply a wider range of values of the general equivalent modulus of elasticity of pavement design (from 100 MPa to 600 MPa) and to receive forecast values of roughness for service life of non-rigid pavement over 5 years.

Extracting hydrophobic free energies from experimental data: relationship to protein folding and theoretical models

Biochemistry ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (40) ◽  
pp. 9686-9697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Sharp ◽  
Anthony Nicholls ◽  
Richard Friedman ◽  
Barry Honig
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Free Energies

Intermolecular Effects: I. The Constrained-Junction Model

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Erman ◽  
James E. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rigorous Derivation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Link Model ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Network Modulus ◽  
Degree Of Entanglement

The classical theories of rubber elasticity presented in chapter 2 are based on a hypothetical chain which may pass freely through its neighbors as well as through itself. In a real chain, however, the volume of a segment is excluded to other segments belonging either to the same chain or to others in the network. Consequently, the uncrossability of chain contours by those occupying the same volume becomes an important factor. This chapter and the following one describe theoretical models treating departures from phantom-like behavior arising from the effect of entanglements, which result from this uncrossability of network chains. The chains in the un-cross-linked bulk polymer are highly entangled. These entanglements are permanently fixed once the chains are joined during formation of the network. The degree of entanglement, or degree of interpenetration, in a network is proportional to the number of chains sharing the volume occupied by a given chain. This is quite important, since the observed differences between experimental results on real networks and predictions of the phantom network theory may frequently be attributed to the effects of entanglements. The decrease in network modulus with increasing tensile strain or swelling is the best-known effect arising from deformation-dependent contributions from entanglements. The constrained-junction model presented in this chapter and the slip-link model presented in chapter 4 are both based on the postulate that, upon stretching, the space available to a chain along the direction of stretch is increased, thus resulting in an increase in the freedom of the chain to fluctuate. Similarly, swelling with a suitable diluent separates the chains from one another, decreasing their correlations with neighboring chains. Experimental data presented in figure 3.1 show that the modulus of a network does indeed decrease with both swelling and elongation, finally becoming independent of deformation, as should be the case for the modulus of a phantom network. Rigorous derivation of the modulus of a network from the elastic free energy for this case will be given in chapter 5. The starting point of the constrained-junction model presented in this chapter is the elastic free energy.

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