Improvements in the realization of the ITS-90 over the temperature range from the melting point of gallium to the freezing point of silver at NIM

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
J. T. Zhang ◽  
Q. Ping
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Freezing Point Of Silver ◽  
Melting Point Of Gallium

Searching accurate predicted viscosities near the melting point in a non-strong glass-forming liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (26) ◽  
pp. 2050230
Author(s):  
Qian Gao ◽  
Zengyun Jian ◽  
Man Zhu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Bo Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Measured Viscosity

The accurate predicted viscosities near the melting point [Formula: see text] have been searched. In order to find the temperature ranges, where the measured viscosity data applied to obtain the accurate fitting viscosity data and the accurate fitting expressions near [Formula: see text] lie, the measured data in 15 different temperature ranges (a)–(o) are applied to obtain the fitting viscosity data and the fitting expressions by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) relation. The accuracy of the fitting viscosity near [Formula: see text] will varies when the measured data in different temperature ranges are applied to obtain the fitting viscosity data by VFT relation. It is found that the accurate fitting viscosity data with the coefficients of determination [Formula: see text] in temperature range 397.3–583.6 K (0.84–1.24[Formula: see text]) near [Formula: see text] can be acquired using the measured data in temperature ranges (g)–(h) and (k) by the VFT relation. In other words, we found the temperature ranges (namely, temperature ranges (g)–(h) and (k)), in which the measured viscosity data applied to obtain the accurate fitting viscosity data and the accurate fitting expressions near [Formula: see text] exist.

The Calibration of Thermocouples by Freezing-Point Baths and Empirical Equations

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual

A calibration system is described which is based on the use of a few precisely determined experimental values obtained from freezing-point baths. Characteristics of the individual thermocouples at intermediate points are obtained by passing empirical equations of prescribed form through the test values. A program is reviewed, by which a high-speed digital computer accomplishes the necessary conversions, curve fittings, comparisons of individual characteristics with arbitrary reference tables, and the printing out of a table of differences. Test results for a series of iron-constantan thermocouples, over the temperature range 32–1225 F, are presented to illustrate the use of the system and the uncertainties involved. Comparisons are drawn between these results and those obtained by other methods.

scholarly journals The Specific Heat of Saline Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Dixit ◽  
E. R. Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Calorimetric Experiment

A calorimetric experiment was performed to determine empirically the dependence of the specific heat of ice with salinity 0-10‰ over the temperature range from –23° C to the melting point The experimental results agree with the theoretical model determined by Schwerdtfeger (1963) for calculating the specific heat except within several degrees of the melting point and for very pure ice.

Self-Diffusion of Tl+ in Molten Thalium Nitrate

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1434
Author(s):  
S. Zuca ◽  
M. Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ionic Interactions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Capillary Method ◽  
Self Diffusion Coefficient

Abstract The self-diffusion coefficient of Tl+ in molten TlNO3 in a temperature range of about 100° above the melting point was measured by the "diffusion-into-the capillary" method. The obtained results are discussed in terms of ionic interactions occuring in TlNO3 melt.

Low-temperature storage of mammalian spermatozoa

1957 ◽  
Vol 147 (929) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
The Media ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Experiments in this and other countries on the preservation of spermatozoa at very low temperatures have shown that no mammalian spermatozoa so far examined survive freezing when they are cooled ultra-rapidly from temperatures above freezing point to temperatures of — 79° C or below. Slow cooling and the addition of glycerol to the media in which the spermatozoa are suspended, however, permits survival of the spermatozoa of many species. In different animals, there are marked variations in the resistance of their spermatozoa to freezing and the proportion of spermatozoa which can be revived from very low temperatures may be influenced both by the concentration of glycerol added to the semen and by the composition of the diluting fluid. In experiments with the spermatozoa of the bull, ram, stallion and boar it has been found that during slow cooling to — 79° C there is a critical temperature range between — 15 and — 25° C at which the greatest amount of damage occurs. The rate at which the capacity for motility of the spermatozoa is destroyed within this critical temperature range is considerably reduced by allowing the spermatozoa to stand at 2° C in contact with a medium containing egg yolk and glycerol for 18 h before freezing. The extent of damage in the critical temperature range may also be reduced by cooling the specimens at a rate of 0-25 to 0-5° per second between —15 and —25° C.

I. On the plasticity of ice, as manifested in glaciers

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Freezing Point

The object of this communication is to lay before the Royal Society a theory which I have to propose for explaining the plasticity of ice at the freezing point, which is shown by observations by Professor James Forbes, and which is the principle of his Theory of Glaciers. This speculation occurred to me mainly in or about the year 1848. I was led to it from a previous theoretical deduction at which I had arrived, namely, that the freezing point of water, or the melting point of ice, must vary with the pressure to which the water or the ice is subjected, the temperature of freezing or melting being lowered as the pressure is increased.

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