An integrated analytical approach using ion chromatography, PIXE and electron microscopy to point out the differences in composition of PM[sub 10] individual particles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Masiol ◽  
Daniele Ceccato ◽  
Stefania Squizzato ◽  
Sara Carturan ◽  
Bruno Pavoni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Individual Particles

Evaluation of computer-controlled SEM in the study of metal-contaminated soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Langmi ◽  
J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Weathering Crusts ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Element Mapping ◽  
Scanning Electron

Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) has been assessed for the determination of form and size distribution of heavy metals in urban contaminated soils. Metal distributions within individual particles were determined using X-ray element mapping. The sites selected for study were (1) around a landfill site, previously a colliery in Wolverhampton, UK and (2) a private garden adjacent to a railway in Nottingham, UK. Backscattered thresholding techniques were used to isolate the Pb-containing categories. The classification results for both Wolverhampton and Nottingham soils were generally similar but more Pb-containing classes were observed for the Nottingham samples when a comparison was made between results of the same size fractions. However, difficulties with the technique arose when particles showing chemically similar weathering crusts were assigned to the same class, despite having different internal compositions. The CCSEM data therefore need to be interpreted with caution and their application limited to situations in which particle internal complexity is not an issue.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Individual Particles

AbstractThe nano aggregates of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) are synthesized successfully by adopting simple a co precipitation approach. The product obtained was further subjected to the calcination process that not only changed it morphology but also reduces the size of individual particles of aggregates. The prepared nano aggregates are subjected to different characterization techniques such as electron microscopies (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and X-ray diffraction and results obtained by these instruments are analyzed by different software. The characterization results show that, although the arrangement of particles is compact, several intrinsic spaces and small holes/ pores can also be seen in any aggregate of the product. The as synthesized product is further tested for catalytic properties in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and proved to be an efficient catalyst.

Microscopy and Microanalysis of Blood in a Snake Head Fish, Channa gachua Exposed to Environmental Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Pala ◽  
Sudip Dey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractConventional and highly sophisticated analytical methods (Cyria et al., 1989; Massar et al., 2012a) were used to analyze micro-structural and micro-analytical aspects of the blood of snake head fish, Channa gachua, exposed to municipal wastes and city garbage. Red (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts and hemhemoglobin content were found to be higher in pollution affected fish as compared with control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the occurrence of abnormal erythrocytes such as crenated cells, echinocytes, lobopodial projections, membrane internalization, spherocytes, ruptured cells, contracted cells, depression, and uneven elongation of erythrocyte membranes in fish inhabiting the polluted sites. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of silicon and lead in the RBCs of pollution affected fish. Significance of the study includes the highly sophisticated analytical approach, which revealed the aforementioned micro-structural abnormalities.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Studies of Hydrated Cementitious Materials Microstructure Formed in the Presence of some Heavy Metals Containing Admixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesława Nocuń-Wczelik ◽  
Barbara Trybalska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Silicate Phase ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Calorimetric Measurements ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The calorimetric measurements together with microscopic observations and analyses relating to the interaction of cement paste with sulfate and nitrate solutions of various concentration were carried out. These salts modify the rate of cement hydration at early age. In the presence of sulfates the formation of some well crystallized calcium sulfates or calcium sulfoaluminates can be found. In case of nitrates there is no additional products. However, one can observe that the calcium silicate phase becomes less fibrous but more compact, with very small individual particles, as the nucleation from the liquid phase is disturbed. There are the accompanying cations incorporated in this product.

scholarly journals ASSEMBLY AND AGGREGATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN TOMATO LEAFLETS

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Shalla
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Individual Particles

Cells of tomato leaflets (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were studied by phase and electron microscopy at various intervals after inoculation with a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Forty-eight hours after inoculation, prior to the development of assayable virus, individual TMV particles, and also particle aggregates, were observed in the ground cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. The most rapid synthesis of virus occurred between 80 and 300 hours after inoculation. Cytological changes during this time were characterized by an increased number of individual particles in the cytoplasm, growth of some aggregates, distortion and vacuolation of chloroplasts, and formation of filaments in the cytoplasm which were approximately four times the size of TMV. These filaments were interpreted as possible developmental forms of the TMV particle. Vacuoles in chloroplasts commonly contained virus particles. Evidence indicated that TMV was assembled in the ground cytoplasm and, in some cases, subsequently was enveloped by distorted chloroplasts.

Cluster Analysis of Automated Fine-Particle Analysis Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1071-1072
Author(s):  
C.A. O’Keefe ◽  
J.P. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Because of analytical advances, submicron particles as small as 0.2 μm can be characterized for chemical composition, size, and shape using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Once these characteristics are determined, cluster analysis can be used to group the individual particles into categories based on size, shape, and chemical composition.Submicron particle analysis is important when characterizing the ash to provide information to help solve ash-related problems in coal combustion and gasification systems. Since a combustion system has an excess of oxygen available, the resulting ash is typically easier to characterize than ash from a gasification system. In a gasification system, the lack of oxygen results in additional categories high in Cl and P.Adequate dispersion of submicron particles for proper analysis of individual particles is required because of the analysis volume of the SEM beam. Therefore, an aliquot of an aqueous solution with a set sample-to-solvent ratio is drawn while being sonicated. A few drops of solution are placed on a vitreous carbon substrate, allowing for particle dispersion on the surface of a smooth substrate. Next, the particles are analyzed by the fine-particle technique (FPT).

Automated particle analysis in Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Tim B. Vander Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Sizing ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Many Sources

The ability to quickly and economically characterize particle samples is increasingly important. A knowledge of particle size distributions can be critical in a wide variety of processes, from powder metallurgy to ethical drug delivery. Powdered materials may be contaminated at levels of only one particle in one thousand and still be unsuitable for use. Particulate samples may represent a variety of materials from many sources, requiring complex analyses for complete characterization. The traditional analytical approach to these problems, dictated by the need for economy, has been the application of batch techniques (e.g. light scattering) to the problem of particle sizing and trace component and bulk techniques (e.g. atomic absorption, x-ray fluorescence) to the problems of particle analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), is capable of directly measuring the required individual particle sizes, morphologies and compositions but has not been widely applied due to the high cost of analysis of several hundred to thousands of particles which may be required to adequately represent an entire population.

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