A phenomenological description of the anomalous behavior of the electrical double layer at low temperatures

2000 ◽  
Vol 112 (15) ◽  
pp. 6716-6718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Phenomenological Description

Modeling the Electrical Double Layer to Understand the Reaction Environment in a CO2 Electrocatalytic System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Bohra ◽  
Jehanzeb Chaudhry ◽  
Thomas Burdyny ◽  
Evgeny Pidko ◽  
wilson smith
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Local Reaction ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Critical Aspect

<p>The environment of a CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction (CO<sub>2</sub>ER) catalyst is intimately coupled with the surface reaction energetics and is therefore a critical aspect of the overall system performance. The immediate reaction environment of the electrocatalyst constitutes the electrical double layer (EDL) which extends a few nanometers into the electrolyte and screens the surface charge density. In this study, we resolve the species concentrations and potential profiles in the EDL of a CO<sub>2</sub>ER system by self-consistently solving the migration, diffusion and reaction phenomena using the generalized modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (GMPNP) equations which include the effect of volume exclusion due to the solvated size of solution species. We demonstrate that the concentration of solvated cations builds at the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) with increasing applied potential until the steric limit is reached. The formation of the EDL is expected to have important consequences for the transport of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule to the catalyst surface. The electric field in the EDL diminishes the pH in the first 5 nm from the OHP, with an accumulation of protons and a concomitant depletion of hydroxide ions. This is a considerable departure from the results obtained using reaction-diffusion models where migration is ignored. Finally, we use the GMPNP model to compare the nature of the EDL for different alkali metal cations to show the effect of solvated size and polarization of water on the resultant electric field. Our results establish the significance of the EDL and electrostatic forces in defining the local reaction environment of CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts.</p>

Electrical Double Layer Formation on Glassy Carbon in Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 138416
Author(s):  
Sofia B. Davey ◽  
Amanda P. Cameron ◽  
Kenneth G. Latham ◽  
Scott W. Donne
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Layer Formation

scholarly journals Electron liquid state in the symmetric Anderson lattice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor N. Karnaukhov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Arbitrary Dimension ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Coulomb Repulsion ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Kondo Lattice ◽  
Field Approach ◽  
Cubic Lattices ◽  
Half Filling

AbstractUsing mean field approach, we provide analytical and numerical solution of the symmetric Anderson lattice for arbitrary dimension at half filling. The symmetric Anderson lattice is equivalent to the Kondo lattice, which makes it possible to study the behavior of an electron liquid in the Kondo lattice. We have shown that, due to hybridization (through an effective field due to localized electrons) of electrons with different spins and momenta $$\mathbf{k} $$ k and $$\mathbf{k} +\overrightarrow{\pi }$$ k + π → , the gap in the electron spectrum opens at half filling. Such hybridization breaks the conservation of the total magnetic momentum of electrons, the spontaneous symmetry is broken. The state of electron liquid is characterized by a large Fermi surface. A gap in the spectrum is calculated depending on the magnitude of the on-site Coulomb repulsion and value of s–d hybridization for the chain, as well as for square and cubic lattices. Anomalous behavior of the heat capacity at low temperatures in the gapped state, which is realized in the symmetric Anderson lattice, was also found.

Enzyme Immobilization Behavior on the Surface of Hydroxyapatite Capsules under Alkaline Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yabutsuka ◽  
Masaya Yamamoto ◽  
Shigeomi Takai ◽  
Takeshi Yao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer

We prepared hydroxyapatite (HA) capsules encapsulating maghemite particles. In order to evaluate enzyme immobilization behavior of the HA capsules under alkaline condition, we immobilized five kinds of enzymes with different isoelectric point in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer (CBB, pH 10.0). When the enzymes in CBB were moderately charged, immobilization efficiency on the HA capsules showed the highest value. It was suggested that immobilization efficiency was affected according to both pI of enzyme and pH of the surrounding solution and that enzyme immobilized on the HA capsules by not only electrical double layer interactions but also ion interaction and other interactions.

scholarly journals Poly(a)morphic portrait of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ivaništšev ◽  
S. O’Connor ◽  
M.V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer
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