New approach for radiative transfer in sea ice and its application for sea ice satellite remote sensing

Author(s):  
E. P. Zege ◽  
A. V. Malinka ◽  
I. L. Katsev ◽  
A. S. Prikhach ◽  
G. Heygster
Sea Ice ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Spreen ◽  
Stefan Kern

2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (C7) ◽  
pp. 17143-17159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Y. Alexandrov ◽  
Thomas Martin ◽  
Josef Kolatschek ◽  
Hajo Eicken ◽  
Martin Kreyscher ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie D. Shutler ◽  
Graham D. Quartly ◽  
Craig J. Donlon ◽  
Shubha Sathyendranath ◽  
Trevor Platt ◽  
...  

Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions, processes and variables within the ocean, including temperature–salinity distributions, mixing of the water column, waves, tides, currents and air–sea interaction processes. Here we provide a critical review of how satellite sensors are being used to study physical oceanography processes at the ocean surface and its borders with the atmosphere and sea ice. The paper begins by describing the main sensor types that are used to observe the oceans (visible, thermal infrared and microwave) and the specific observations that each of these sensor types can provide. We then present a critical review of how these sensors and observations are being used to study: (i) ocean surface currents, (ii) storm surges, (iii) sea ice, (iv) atmosphere–ocean gas exchange and (v) surface heat fluxes via phytoplankton. Exciting advances include the use of multiple sensors in synergy to observe temporally varying Arctic sea ice volume, atmosphere–ocean gas fluxes, and the potential for four-dimensional water circulation observations. For each of these applications we explain their relevance to society, review recent advances and capability, and provide a forward look at future prospects and opportunities. We then more generally discuss future opportunities for oceanography-focused remote sensing, which includes the unique European Union Copernicus programme, the potential of the International Space Station and commercial miniature satellites. The increasing availability of global satellite remote-sensing observations means that we are now entering an exciting period for oceanography. The easy access to these high quality data and the continued development of novel platforms is likely to drive further advances in remote sensing of the ocean and atmospheric systems.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 5471-5483 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Sena ◽  
P. Artaxo

Abstract. A new methodology was developed for obtaining daily retrievals of the direct radiative forcing of aerosols (24h-DARF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) using satellite remote sensing. Simultaneous CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System) shortwave flux at the top of the atmosphere and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals were used. To analyse the impact of forest smoke on the radiation balance, this methodology was applied over the Amazonia during the peak of the biomass burning season from 2000 to 2009. To assess the spatial distribution of the DARF, background smoke-free scenes were selected. The fluxes at the TOA under clean conditions (Fcl) were estimated as a function of the illumination geometry (θ0) for each 0.5° × 0.5° grid cell. The instantaneous DARF was obtained as the difference between the clean (Fcl (θ0)) and the polluted flux at the TOA measured by CERES in each cell (Fpol (θ0)). The radiative transfer code SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Radiative Transfer model) was used to expand instantaneous DARFs to 24 h averages. This new methodology was applied to assess the DARF both at high temporal resolution and over a large area in Amazonia. The spatial distribution shows that the mean 24h-DARF can be as high as −30 W m−2 over some regions. The temporal variability of the 24h-DARF along the biomass burning season was also studied and showed large intraseasonal and interannual variability. We showed that our methodology considerably reduces statistical sources of uncertainties in the estimate of the DARF, when compared to previous approaches. DARF assessments using the new methodology agree well with ground-based measurements and radiative transfer models. This demonstrates the robustness of the new proposed methodology for assessing the radiative forcing for biomass burning aerosols. To our knowledge, this is the first time that satellite remote sensing assessments of the DARF have been compared with ground-based DARF estimates.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hequan Sun ◽  
Chunhua Li ◽  
Yifeng Cheng

AbstractWith the movement and destructiveness of sea ice, conventional in situ instruments are restricted or unavailable for polar sea ice observation. Satellite remote sensing is a feasible way to monitor sea ice in the polar area. Multispectral imaging spectrometer and synthetic aperture radar are applied to monitoring the sea ice in this article with high spatial resolution, wide swath, and continuous imaging. The sea ice distribution and motion can be measured by analyzing satellite remote sensing images. The image segmentation method is presented in the article to obtain the sea ice distribution. Meanwhile, the cross-correlation algorithm to extract sea ice motion is proposed as well as the processed vector results.


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