scholarly journals The Langat River water quality index based on principal component analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalina Mohd Ali ◽  
Noor Akma Ibrahim ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Mahendran Shitan ◽  
Hafizan Juahir
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Langat River

scholarly journals Water quality index and hydrogeochemistry of Otukpo area, Benue State, North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Buba Apagu Ankidawa ◽  
Ujah Linus Sunday ◽  
Ibrahim Vanke
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The research is aimed to assess the surface and groundwater quality in Otukpo area and environs, Benue State, North Eastern Nigeria. Sixteen water samples were collected from 7 boreholes, 7 hand duck wells and 2 rivers. The water samples were analysed chemically and bacteriologically using spectrophotometric, titrimetric and membrane filtration methods. Analytical results indicated that the groundwater in the area is acidic, fresh and moderately hard. The order of abundance of the cations were in Na+<K+<Mg2+<Ca2+ while the anions were in the order of Cl-<HCO3->SO42-<NO3-. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four factors that accounts for 69.73% of the total variance. Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed pollution from application of agricultural fertilizers, anthropogenic contamination and rock-water interaction as the major processes responsible for the modification of surface and groundwater chemistry of the research area. The Gibbs diagram plot shows that, the sample points fall under rock dominance and weathering zones, which suggested precipitation, induced chemical weathering with the dissolution of rock-forming minerals. The piper diagram classified groundwater samples as Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type. Water Quality Index (WQI) values range from 22.05 to 56.13 which indicated good and excellent water category. The SAR values range from 0.02 to 0.66 the values belong to the excellent category and is suitable for irrigation. The overall result revealed that, the water in the research area is suitable for domestic, industrial and irrigation activities.

Assessment of Aquatic Ecological Health: A Case Study of Lake Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMA KUMARI ◽  
PARMANAND KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Different Seasons

The present study was conducted for two years to analyze the water quality of the sacred lake Rewalsar. Water quality of different seasons was evaluated by water quality index. Various statistical techniques, such as correlation, principal component analysis were applied. Based on Water Quality Index, water quality of the lake was in the range of 33-80 in different seasons. Cluster analysis of similarity indicates the relationship intensity between the seasons as cluster ranged 80-100% during the study period. In the principal component analysis maximum variables (Conductivity, Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrates, Phosphates, and Chloride) shows maximum influence during the summer and monsoon. The outcome revealed that the major driving factors of water quality deterioration are the runoff of effluent from the domestic area and offering food materials to the fishes. So, it is necessary to implement effective management strategies for the conservation of the Rewalsarlake.

scholarly journals MODELLING IKPOBA RIVER WATER QUALITY USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehizonomhen Solomon Okonofua ◽  
Ifeanyi Benjamin Nwadialo ◽  
M. O. Ekun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Intense Activity

This paper examined the effects of brewery wastewater on the quality of water in Ikpoba River which has experienced significant pollution over the years, with the intention of determining the main pollutant in the river water. Samples were recovered from eight (8) different locations covering a total distance of 750 m: one sample from upstream at 150 m from the effluent discharge location, two samples from effluents discharge point and five samples from downstream location at 150 m interval. Samples were taken twice monthly in March, May and July, 2014 during period of intense activity of production. The physcio-chemical analyses of the twenty-five (25) selected parameters were calculated and values obtained were used to calculate the water Quality index of the river. The results indicated that Ikpoba River is severely polluted (WQI = -5429792.89, in SN1, March, 2014) as a result of untreated brewery effluent hence Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the parameter that contributes mainly to the pollution and those that contributed minimally. Evaluation of the PCA results shows that the only reoccurring parameter is Copper hence it is concluded that Copper is the only component factor that influences the river water quality throughout the period under study. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that any proposed treatment method must be targeted at the removal of copper in addition to other factors of high contributory effects.

scholarly journals Application of Principal Component Analysis for Developing Water Quality Index for Selected Coastal Areas of Alexandria Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadia A. H. Fathy ◽  
Fatma F. Abdel Hamid ◽  
Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽  
Laila A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed G. El-Gazar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Coastal Areas
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